{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:12:46Z","timestamp":1785420766049,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"FNRS-PDR","award":["T.0255.16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T.0255.16"]}]},{"name":"FNRS-Welbio","award":["WELBIO-ADV-X.1539.24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WELBIO-ADV-X.1539.24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Regarding the increased tendency to look at the M and M-like proteins as a functional trio, we set up a PCR-based typing of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">enn<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mrp<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes in Group A\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (GAS). Based on a large\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mga<\/jats:italic>\n                      regulon database, we have designed specific PCR primers for amplification and sequencing of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">enn<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mrp<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes. Primers were first validated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      using a global database of 1,419 GAS genomes and then\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      on 17 isolates covering all subclusters of Enn and Mrp proteins. Off-targets were also checked against other streptococci harboring M-like genes. We also described how to assign new Enn- and Mrp-types based on an up-to-date database available online. This new typing system will enhance the precision of strain characterization and help understand some differences between isolates sharing the same M-type.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                        , also known as Group A\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                        , is a bacterium that causes a wide range of diseases, from mild sore throats to life-threatening infections and long-term complications like rheumatic heart disease. It is responsible for over 500,000 deaths a year. For decades, scientists have focused on the surface M protein which helps it survive in human tissues. The large diversity of its N-terminal region has led to the\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">emm<\/jats:italic>\n                        -typing system of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                        . However, the two M-like proteins, Enn and Mrp, produced by the same region of the genome, have been largely overlooked until recently. These proteins are found in many strains around the world, and recent findings suggest they also play an important role in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                        virulence. In our study, we developed a new typing system for Enn and Mrp proteins that aims to better understand their behavior and improve the monitoring of clinical strains.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02047-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T14:50:23Z","timestamp":1763131823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Beyond the\n                    <i>emm<\/i>\n                    -type: fine-tuning Group A\n                    <i>Streptococcus<\/i>\n                    typing with Enn and Mrp"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1913-4717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Widomski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9htc13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Molecular Bacteriology, Laboratory of Microbiology, European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology (EPIV), Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6183-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Bruyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9htc13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Molecular Bacteriology, Laboratory of Microbiology, European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology (EPIV), Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5497-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Schiavolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9htc13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Molecular Bacteriology, Laboratory of Microbiology, European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology (EPIV), Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4700-8600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"de Crombrugghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9htc13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Molecular Bacteriology, Laboratory of Microbiology, European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology (EPIV), Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9htc13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Brussels University Hospital, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2642-9919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. R.","family":"Smeesters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9htc13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Molecular Bacteriology, Laboratory of Microbiology, European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology (EPIV), Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9htc13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Brussels University Hospital, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9208-515X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"Botteaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9htc13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Molecular Bacteriology, Laboratory of Microbiology, European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology (EPIV), Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818002285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00865-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2023.2294905"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00806-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0417-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00318-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60052-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Crombrugghe G Armitage EP Keeley AJ Senghore E Camara F Jammeh M Bittaye A Ceesay H Ceesay I Samateh B Manneh M Botquin G Lakhloufi D Delforge V Bah SY Hall JN Schiavolin L Turner CE Marks M de Silva TI Botteaux A Smeesters PR. 2025. Household molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes carriage and infection in The Gambia. medRxiv. doi:10.1101\/2025.03.28.25324710","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.28.25324710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.105623"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.02047-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.02047-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T14:08:52Z","timestamp":1767708532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.02047-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Justin R.","family":"Kaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.02047-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.02047-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02047-25"}}