{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:14:33Z","timestamp":1753881273042,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n              first appeared in the United States in 2013 in New York\u2013New Jersey (NY-NJ) and led to an unprecedented outbreak since 2016. We hypothesized\n              <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n              \u2019 introduction to NY-NJ was not a random event but related to travel patterns between South Asia and NY-NJ. New York City is a US hub for international passengers, including those from South Asia. We tested the hypothesis by simulating introductions to NY-NJ with a Monte Carlo simulation based on travel from South Asia, proportion of US population in NY-NJ, proportion of hospitals in NY-NJ, and finally, proportion of all travelers entering the United States through NY-NJ. The\n              <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n              outbreak occurred during increasing travel and trade, and South Asia travel routes predict the distribution of early\n              <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n              cases in NY-NJ. The local mobility network within hospitals and extended stay healthcare facilities were also relevant in the spread of\n              <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n              . Our observations and simulations link travel patterns to\n              <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n              origin and spread and warrant further investigations for understanding the continued spread of the pathogen.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n              is an emerging fungal pathogen, with resistance to several antifungal drugs. Serious\n              <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n              infections affect hospitalized patients and residents of long-term care facilities, although the pathogen can also be present on a healthy individual\u2019s skin. Many studies have shown international introductions of\n              <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n              to the United States. Here, we present a simulation that supports the hypothesis that the earlier introductions of\n              <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n              in the New York\u2013New Jersey area are not random but related to travel networks.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02065-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T14:06:33Z","timestamp":1734617193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Simulating a travel-related origin of\n            <i>Candida auris<\/i>\n            in New York\u2013New Jersey"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2095-6726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita R.","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College","place":["Valhalla, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Kiegle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center Mycology Laboratory, New York State Department of Health","place":["Albany, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5256-6274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Keyel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health","place":["Albany, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany","place":["Albany, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0906-8426","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sudha","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center Mycology Laboratory, New York State Department of Health","place":["Albany, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany","place":["Albany, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3922-9676","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vishnu","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College","place":["Valhalla, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Westchester Medical Center","place":["Valhalla, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw691"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0045-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myw147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00577-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2125349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03540-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00101-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03364-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1910.130393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.108746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2410.180649"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01503-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30597-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"International Trade Administration. 2024. 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