{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T10:09:13Z","timestamp":1764842953152,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFA1304300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1304300"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003999","name":"Science Fund for Creative Research Groups","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022YFA1304300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1304300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81930063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81930063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chinese acdemy of medical science and innovation fund for medical science","award":["2021-I2M-1-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children, leading to a pathogenesis-associated imbalance in CD4\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              T-cell subsets and monocyte subsets. To investigate whether RSV affects the imbalance of CD4\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              T-cells through monocytes, we examined the effects of the RSV-infected monocyte subset on CD4\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              T-cell subsets, namely, Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) subsets, on proliferation\n              <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n              and identified key monocyte-derived cytokines. We found that RSV efficiently infects CD16\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              monocytes, but not CD16\n              <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n              monocytes,\n              <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n              cocultures of CD4\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              T-cells with RSV-infected CD16\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              monocytes, inhibits Treg cell proliferation and increases Th2 cell frequency, suggesting that RSV causes an imbalance in the CD4\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              T-cell subset by primarily infecting CD16\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              monocytes. Our data also revealed that IL-1\u03b2 and IL-10 are key cytokines responsible for the activities of RSV-infected CD16\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              monocytes. In a mouse model, we found that high-efficiency RSV infection of mouse Ly6C\n              <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n              monocytes, corresponding to CD16\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              monocytes in humans, and adoptive transfer of Ly6C\n              <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n              monocytes during RSV infection decreased the Treg frequency in the lungs and aggravated pneumonia. Our data indicate that RSV can increase its pathogenesis through infection of nonclassic monocytes, leading to a CD4\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              T-cell imbalance.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                This study identified a pathogenesis pathway related to the RSV-nonclassic monocyte\u2013IL-1\u03b2\/IL-10-CD4\n                <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                T-cell subset balance, which links the heterogeneity of monocytes to RSV pathogenesis and elucidates a new mechanism by which RSV infection disrupts the balance of CD4\n                <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                T cells during RSV infection. These new findings provide potential therapeutic targets for RSV infection.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02073-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T14:05:24Z","timestamp":1733839524000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Infection of nonclassic monocytes by respiratory syncytial virus induces an imbalance in the CD4\n            <sup>+<\/sup>\n            T-cell subset response"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lianlian","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe M\u00e9rieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe M\u00e9rieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe M\u00e9rieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe M\u00e9rieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1588-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe M\u00e9rieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key 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