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This bacterium is the causative agent of\n                      <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia, an acute pulmonary affliction marked by interstitial lung damage. Non-macrolide medications may have potential adverse effects on the developmental trajectory of children, thereby establishing macrolides as the preferred treatment for\n                      <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      in pediatric patients. However, the emergence of macrolide-resistant and multidrug-resistant strains of\n                      <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      presents significant challenges to clinical management and public health. Vaccines, particularly those based on mRNA technology, are regarded as a promising avenue for preventing and controlling\n                      <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections due to their inherent safety, immunogenicity, and adaptability. Our research delves into the P1 adhesin of\n                      <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a protein that binds to host cell receptors with its immunodominant epitopes located at the carboxyl terminus, known to provoke robust immune responses and pulmonary inflammation. We have developed an mRNA vaccine harnessing this dominant antigenic epitope and assessed its protective immunity in BALB\/c mice against\n                      <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. The vaccine elicited potent humoral and cellular immune responses, effectively diminishing inflammation. It notably decreased IL-6 levels in the lungs of infected mice and concurrently elevated IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-\u03b3 levels post-immunization. The vaccine also reduced pathological changes in the lungs and the\n                      <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA copy numbers in the infected animals. Collectively, these findings underscore the mRNA vaccine\u2019s remarkable immunogenicity and protective potential against\n                      <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections, offering valuable insights for the development of mRNA vaccines targeting mycoplasma infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                        , a bacteria without a cell wall, is known for causing pneumonia and is resistant to penicillin. The increasing prevalence of macrolide-resistant strains has complicated treatment options, emphasizing the need for new strategies. Our research explores an mRNA vaccine candidate that targets the P1 adhesin of\n                        <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                        , a protein critical for the bacteria\u2019s interaction with host cells. In a mouse model, this vaccine has shown potential by inducing immune responses and suggesting a possible reduction in inflammation, as indicated by changes in cytokine levels and lung pathology. While further research is required, the vaccine\u2019s preliminary results hint at a potential new direction in managing mycoplasma infections, offering a promising avenue for future therapeutic development. This study contributes to the ongoing search for effective preventive measures against\n                        <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                        .\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02140-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T09:00:17Z","timestamp":1737363617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Protective immunity induced by a novel P1 adhesin C-terminal anchored mRNA vaccine against\n                    <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    infection in BALB\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qilin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People\u2019s Hospital of Foshan","place":["Foshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, 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