{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:22:11Z","timestamp":1785424931448,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Translational Research Program, Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India","award":["BT\/PR30159\/MED\/15\/188\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR30159\/MED\/15\/188\/2018"]}]},{"name":"BRIC-THSTI","award":["FY2021-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FY2021-24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Environmental pressures and repeated exposure to antimicrobials drive microbial evolution, often through genomic changes or acquisition of mobile genetic elements that enhance fitness and resistance. This has critically influenced the control of cholera, particularly with the emergence of multidrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains, such as those recently reported in Yemen. To explore the long-term dynamics of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we analyzed 149 clinical\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates collected in India over 16 years (2008\u20132023), including five cases of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio paracholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Phenotypic testing revealed widespread multidrug resistance, while whole-genome sequencing (WGS) uncovered both known and atypical AMR determinants. Phylogenomic analysis showed diverse clustering patterns, with pan-genome comparisons identifying species-specific genomic regions despite overall high similarity. Notably,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. paracholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      lacked the canonical cholera toxin gene (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ctxAB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) but harbored alternative virulence factors, including\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">chxA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , proteases, and type VI secretion system components, supporting its role as a non-cholera enteric pathogen of concern. Our study underscores the importance of long-term surveillance and comparative genomic profiling to understand AMR evolution and guide cholera management in endemic regions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study highlights how long-term environmental and antimicrobial pressures shape the evolution of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, leading to multidrug resistance and genomic diversification. By analyzing 16 years of clinical isolates from a major cholera-endemic region in India, including emerging\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio paracholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      cases, we reveal both known and novel resistance mechanisms and virulence factors. These findings emphasize the need for sustained genomic surveillance to track evolving resistance trajectories and support effective control strategies for cholera and related enteric infections in endemic regions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02162-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T13:00:15Z","timestamp":1775134815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A decade of antimicrobial resistance in\n                    <i>Vibrio<\/i>\n                    spp.: genomic and functional insights"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Agila Kumari","family":"Pragasam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qjqvr92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre for Microbial Research, BRIC-Translational Health Science and 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