{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:58:51Z","timestamp":1782925131940,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections pose a serious threat to public health and safety. Colistin is a line of defense against these infections, but colistin-resistant (COL-R) bacteria have emerged worldwide. This study aimed to explore the synergistic potential of nitazoxanide (NTZ) in combination with colistin for the treatment of COL-R\n            <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            strains\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . The checkerboard and time-killing assays indicated that NTZ in combination with colistin exhibited potent antibacterial activity against COL-R\n            <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n            and COL-R\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . The antibiofilm activity measured by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy combined with a confocal laser scanning microscope revealed that the combination of NTZ and colistin could inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate the formed biofilm. This study also demonstrated that the application of this drug combination to an\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            infection model significantly increased the survival rate of\n            <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n            larvae. Hemolysis tests revealed that the combination of NTZ and colistin showed no cytotoxicity. Altogether, the combination of NTZ and colistin showed promising synergistic antibacterial and antibiofilm effects\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . This combination might be used as an alternative therapy for treating COL-R\n            <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n            and COL-R\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            infections.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Colistin is used as a last resort in many infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria; however, colistin-resistant (COL-R) is on the rise. Hence, it is critical to develop new antimicrobial strategies to overcome COL-R. We found that nitazoxanide (NTZ) combined with colistin showed notable synergetic antibacterial activity. These findings suggest that the NTZ\/colistin combination may provide an effective alternative route to combat COL-R\n              <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n              and COL-R\n              <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n              infections.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02295-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T14:00:48Z","timestamp":1701352848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Antiparasitic nitazoxanide potentiates colistin against colistin-resistant\n            <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Escherichia coli in vitro<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mengxin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province , Wenzhou, China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuocheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province , Wenzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingchun","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, 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