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Among other things, this revealed\n              <jats:italic>14915<\/jats:italic>\n              , a heretofore uncharacterized gene that is predicted to be transcriptionally regulated by Fur and to encode a novel, ~15 kDa protein.\n              <jats:italic>14915<\/jats:italic>\n              was present in all\n              <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n              strains examined and had homologs in a subset of the other\n              <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n              species. Compatible with it containing a classic signal sequence, the 14915 protein was detected in bacterial culture supernatants in a manner dependent upon the\n              <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n              type II secretion system. Thus, we designated 14915 as IrsA for\n              <jats:underline>ir<\/jats:underline>\n              on-\n              <jats:underline>r<\/jats:underline>\n              egulated,\n              <jats:underline>s<\/jats:underline>\n              ecreted protein\n              <jats:underline>A<\/jats:underline>\n              . Based on mutant analysis, the\n              <jats:italic>irsA<\/jats:italic>\n              gene was not required for optimal growth of strain 130b in low-iron media. However, after discovering that the commonly used laboratory-derived strain Lp02 has a much greater requirement for iron, we uncovered a growth-enhancing role for IrsA after examining an Lp02 mutant that lacked both IrsA and the Fe\n              <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n              -transporter FeoB. The\n              <jats:italic>irsA<\/jats:italic>\n              mutant of 130b, but not its complemented derivative, did, however, display increased biofilm formation on both plastic and agar surfaces, and compatible with this, the mutant hyper-aggregated. Thus, IrsA is a novel, iron-regulated exoprotein that modulates biofilm formation and, under some circumstances, promotes growth in low-iron conditions. For this study, we determined and deposited in the database a complete and fully assembled genome sequence for strain 130b.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                The bacterium\n                <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                is the principal cause of Legionnaires\u2019 disease, a potentially fatal form of pneumonia that is increasing in incidence.\n                <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                exists in many natural and human-made water systems and can be transmitted to humans through inhalation of contaminated water droplets.\n                <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                flourishes within its habitats by spreading planktonically, assembling into biofilms, and growing in larger host cells. Iron acquisition is a key determinant for\n                <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                persistence in water and during infection. We previously demonstrated that\n                <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                assimilates iron both by secreting a non-protein iron chelator (siderophore) and by importing iron through membrane transporters. In this study, we uncovered a novel, secreted protein that is highly iron-regulated, promotes\n                <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                \u2019s growth in low-iron media, and impacts biofilm formation. We also identified uncharacterized, IrsA-related proteins in other important human and animal pathogens. Thus, our results have important implications for understanding iron assimilation, biofilm formation, and pathogenesis.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02313-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T21:31:23Z","timestamp":1732915883000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>\n            IrsA, a novel, iron-regulated exoprotein that facilitates growth in low-iron conditions and modulates biofilm formation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alberto E.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School","place":["Chicago, 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