{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:28:49Z","timestamp":1785432529422,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011068","name":"Fondation Saint Luc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-I4201010-221801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I4201010-221801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HC01020F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HC01020F"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017653","name":"Fonds Sp\u00e9ciaux de Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARC 25\/30-151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC 25\/30-151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022434","name":"Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WELBIO-CR-2022A-02P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WELBIO-CR-2022A-02P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EOS 40007505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EOS 40007505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011068","name":"Fondation Saint Luc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017653","name":"Fonds Sp\u00e9ciaux de Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n This longitudinal study investigated the differential composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiome in patients presenting different COVID-19 infectious phenotypes and its evolution during convalescence, with a focus on post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) and its potential microbiome-related mechanisms. Microbiota composition was assessed for a cohort of healthy participants (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 25), influenza patients (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 24), and patients with moderate (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 50) and severe (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 57) COVID-19. Samples were collected at two time points: during the acute infection phase and at approximately 3-month follow-up. From collected nasopharyngeal swab samples, metagenomics using shotgun sequencing was performed and the microbiota composition was analyzed. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed no significant differences in overall community diversity between patient groups across visits. However, differential abundance testing identified specific species, such as\n Dolosigranulum pigrum<\/jats:italic>\n and various\n Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n species, whose profiles correlated with PASC development. Furthermore, the analysis of microbial co-associations identifies commensal species, including\n D. pigrum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n species, which are less abundant in patients who develop PASC, consistent with a potential protective role suggested by experimental studies but not proven by our observational data. Antibiotic use was associated with lower levels of key protective taxa, which may increase susceptibility to PASC in case of superinfection. These findings highlight the potential importance of the nasopharyngeal microbiome in acute COVID-19 disease outcomes and suggest that preserving or restoring a balanced respiratory microbiome could mitigate the risk of COVID-19 persistent symptoms and PASC development. Our results may set the stage for future clinical interventions involving probiotics or microbial-derived metabolites to promote respiratory health post-COVID-19.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n \n This study highlights the importance of bacteria naturally found in the upper respiratory tract, particularly the nasopharynx (the nasopharyngeal microbiome), in shaping how severely COVID-19 affects patients and whether they experience persistent symptoms, also called long-COVID or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). By examining microbiome samples from healthy people, influenza patients, and individuals with COVID-19 during acute and convalescent phases, we found that certain commensal bacteria, namely,\n Dolosigranulum pigrum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n species, were less abundant in individuals who developed long-COVID and more abundant in those who fully recovered. We also observed that antibiotic treatment was associated with lower abundances of these commensal taxa, in turn coinciding with a higher frequency of PASC. These findings suggest that the composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiome is associated with recovery trajectories after COVID-19 and motivate future research into treatments aimed toward the microbiome to improve respiratory health following infection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CLINICAL TRIALS<\/jats:title>\n \n This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as\n NCT05557539<\/jats:ext-link>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02313-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T13:02:22Z","timestamp":1773752542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of nasopharyngeal\n Dolosigranulum pigrum<\/i>\n and\n Corynebacterium<\/i>\n species with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in a longitudinal cohort"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0778-0153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics Group (PMGK)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure B.","family":"Bindels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qbvw321","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute","place":["Wavre, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0522-4156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Balligand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qbvw321","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute","place":["Wavre, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]},{"name":"Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5193-6819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertrand","family":"Bearzatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Centre for Applied Molecular Technologies (CTMA), UCLouvain","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Bommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"De Duve Institute, MASSPROT, UCLouvain","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-2448","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrice D.","family":"Cani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qbvw321","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute","place":["Wavre, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]},{"name":"Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0200-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"De Greef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Dewulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc","place":["Bruxelles-Woluwe, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], de Duve Institute (DDUV), Department of Biochemistry","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Gatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], de Duve Institute (DDUV), Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Unit (CBIO)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5040-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Haufroid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc","place":["Bruxelles-Woluwe, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6685-7398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Jodogne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Louvain-La-Neuve], Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics (ICTEAM), Computer Science and Engineering Department (INGI)","place":["Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Kabamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), P\u00f4le de Microbiologie (MBLG)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Pyr dit Ruys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Vertommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"De Duve Institute, MASSPROT, UCLouvain","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8424-2346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean Cyr","family":"Yombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1701-7584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le\u00efla","family":"Belkhir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0039-3583","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laure","family":"Elens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics Group (PMGK)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02495e989","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UCLouvain [Bruxelles-Woluwe], Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP)","place":["Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2724951"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205826"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac136"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12575-020-00131-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88536-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12575-021-00148-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.625581"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10050982"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12938\/bmfh.2022-009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003783"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10241"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-019-0703-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00425-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9061324"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060634"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-2025-496"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102978"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011955"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11030611"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01725-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1080043"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00850-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00852-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.804935"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1530178"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.4.589"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14111149"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaa141"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3679891"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab065"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12071617"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.11.29.22282913"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"A review of respiratory post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and the potential benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation","volume":"105","author":"Simon M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simon M, Simmons JE. 2022. A review of respiratory post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and the potential benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation. R I Med J 105:11\u201315.","journal-title":"R I Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v10i10.3145"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071373"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"contributor":[{"given":"Cindy M.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]}],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.02313-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.02313-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:09:36Z","timestamp":1775567376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.02313-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Claesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.02313-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.02313-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02313-25"}}