{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T19:19:50Z","timestamp":1785007190927,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DESC0019444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DESC0019444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Microorganisms that persist in fractured shale reservoirs cause several problems including secreting foul gases and forming biofilms. Current biocontrol measures often fail due to limited knowledge of their\n            <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n            activities. The plasma membrane protects the cell, mediates many of its critical functions, and responds to intracellular cues and ecological perturbations through physicochemical modifications. As such, it provides valuable insight into the physiological adaptation of microorganisms in disturbed environmental systems. Here, we (i) demonstrate how changes in salinity and hydraulic retention time (HRT) influence the plasma membrane intact polar lipid (IPL) chemistry of model bacterium,\n            <jats:italic>Halanaerobium congolense<\/jats:italic>\n            WG10, and mixed microbial consortia enriched from shale-produced fluids and (ii) elucidate adjustments in membrane IPL chemistry during biofilm growth relative to planktonic cells. We incubated\n            <jats:italic>H. congolense<\/jats:italic>\n            WG10 in chemostats under three salinities (7%, 13%, and 20% NaCl), operated under three HRTs (19.2, 24, and 48 h), and in drip flow biofilm reactors under the same salinity gradients. Also, mixed microbial consortia in produced fluids were enriched in triplicate chemostat vessels under three HRTs (19.2, 24, and 72 h) and biofilm reactors. Lipids were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS\/MS). Our results show that phosphatidylglycerols, cardiolipins, and phosphatidylethanolamines were predominantly enriched in planktonic\n            <jats:italic>H. congolense<\/jats:italic>\n            WG10 cells grown at hypersalinity (20%) compared to optimum (13%). In addition, several zwitterionic phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines were higher in abundance during biofilm growth. These observations suggest that microbial adaptation and biofilm formation in fractured shale are enabled by strategic plasma membrane IPL chemistry adjustments.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Microorganisms inadvertently introduced into the shale reservoir during fracturing face multiple stressors including brine-level salinities and starvation. However, some anaerobic halotolerant bacteria adapt and persist for long periods of time. They produce hydrogen sulfide, which sours the reservoir and corrodes engineering infrastructure. In addition, they form biofilms on rock matrices, which decrease shale permeability and clog fracture networks. These reduce well productivity and increase extraction costs. Under stress, microbes remodel their plasma membrane to optimize its roles in protection and mediating cellular processes such as signaling, transport, and energy metabolism. Hence, by observing changes in the membrane lipidome of model shale bacteria,\n              <jats:italic>Halanaerobium congolense<\/jats:italic>\n              WG10, and mixed consortia enriched from produced fluids under varying subsurface conditions and growth modes, we provide insight that advances our knowledge of the fractured shale biosystem. We also offer data-driven recommendations for improving biocontrol efficacy and the efficiency of energy recovery from unconventional formations.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02334-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T13:31:37Z","timestamp":1701955897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Changes in environmental and engineered conditions alter the plasma membrane lipidome of fractured shale bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7184-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chika Jude","family":"Ugwuodo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources and Earth Systems Science, University of New Hampshire , Durham, New Hampshire, USA"},{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New Hampshire , Durham, New Hampshire, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Colosimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Biolabs , Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jishnu","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tetra Tech Inc. , King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent","family":"Bloodsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josie","family":"Eder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2316-0915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula J.","family":"Mouser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New Hampshire , Durham, New Hampshire, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01239-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es501173p"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.146"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiw166"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00018-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01490451.2020.1842944"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphereDirect.00257-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ez5003242"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00286"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800155115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","unstructured":"USEIA . 2020. 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