{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:14:36Z","timestamp":1785413676675,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023-152564OB-I00, PLEC2023-010243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-152564OB-I00, PLEC2023-010243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023-149637OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-149637OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two strains of the minute virus of mice (MVM) parvovirus (of the species\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Protoparvovirus rodent1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), named i (immunosuppressive) and p (prototype), show disparate tropism and pathogenicity in mice. Unlike the virulent MVMi, the MVMp is attenuated and infection-restricted in primary mouse hematopoietic cells; however, it does infect human transformed, established, and stem cells. We thus seek here a putative MVMp natural tropism to humans compared to MVMi. Infectious purified MVMp virions suppress\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      the clonogenic potential of human committed (erythroid and myeloid) and primitive CD34\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      progenitors, regardless of the cell source (umbilical cord blood, G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood, or bone marrow), in a multiplicity of infection-dependent manner. Furthermore, primitive CD34\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      progenitors in culture are permissive to the MVMp cytotoxic NS-1 protein expression and the synthesis of viral genome replicative intermediates. None of these features is shared by MVMi. In consistency, MVMp suppresses the pool of CD34+ progenitors in bone-marrow-humanized immunodeficient NSG mice and severely compromises their survival, whereas in basal NSG mice, it replicates to several thousand-fold lower levels than MVMi and undergoes evolution to variants carrying genetic changes at the capsid tropism determinant binding sialic acid types. We suggest that MVMp may have originated from a MVMi-like mouse parvovirus upon adaptation to human sialic acid receptors in immunocompromised individuals. Extensive serological and genetic screens failed to demonstrate circulating MVMp in Eurasian and African human populations, including hematopoietic patients. Nevertheless, the high MVMp cytotoxicity to human primitive hematopoietic progenitors and rapid evolvability deserve further epidemiological studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Assigning the genuine natural viral host range may be uncertain without testing the susceptibility of primary cells.\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Parvoviridae,<\/jats:italic>\n                        a family of ssDNA icosahedral viruses, harbors several members infecting humans, but only parvovirus B19 of the\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Erythroparvovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                        genus shows tropism for human hematopoietic progenitors. Here, we evaluate the tropism of the MVMi and MVMp parvoviruses for humans, which are assumed to be mouse pathogens. We show that MVMp is remarkably cytotoxic for human primitive CD34+ and committed erythroid and myeloid hematopoietic progenitors. Infection of basal and bone marrow-humanized immunodeficient mice shows the emergence of viral strain-specific genetic changes at the capsid domain binding sialic-acid receptors, denoting adaptation to the respective host hematopoiesis. Although a large epidemiological survey failed to identify circulating MVMp sequences or antibodies in human populations, its high toxicity to human hematopoietic progenitors of different lineages and primitiveness and rapid evolutionary capacity demand in-depth characterization of its potential pathogenicity for humans.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02339-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T12:00:33Z","timestamp":1761566433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A presumed mouse parvovirus with overlooked high toxicity for human primitive CD34\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    hematopoietic precursors\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    and in bone marrow-humanized mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4101-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Segovia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05xx77y52","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Biomedical Innovation Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00e9ticas Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00f3gicas and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT\/CIBERER)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Advanced Therapies Unit, Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria - Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz (FIIS-FJD, UAM)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cby8j38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro Biolog\u00eda Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","place":["Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"R\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05xx77y52","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Biomedical Innovation Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00e9ticas Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00f3gicas and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT\/CIBERER)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0861-2901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia M.","family":"Lotufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cby8j38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro Biolog\u00eda Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","place":["Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6324-8623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"L\u00f3pez-Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cby8j38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro Biolog\u00eda Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","place":["Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8635-4552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Calvo-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cby8j38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro Biolog\u00eda Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","place":["Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda L.","family":"Lamana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05xx77y52","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Biomedical Innovation Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00e9ticas Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00f3gicas and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT\/CIBERER)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Advanced Therapies Unit, Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria - Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz (FIIS-FJD, UAM)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5762-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Sandon\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cby8j38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro Biolog\u00eda Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","place":["Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Balas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Transfusi\u00f3n de Madrid (CM)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-881X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02p0gd045","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Abad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02p0gd045","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel G.","family":"Azc\u00e1rate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041jw5813","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University","place":["Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Lopez Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farid A.","family":"Jalilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ekfbp48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Hamadan, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razieh","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ekfbp48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Hamadan, Iran"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ekfbp48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Hamadan, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula M.","family":"Kinnunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3035-5094","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pikka","family":"Jokelainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417ye583","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Disease Preparedness and One Health, Statens Serum Institut","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5336-0603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ushanandini","family":"Mohanraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Virology, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4582-8317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"S\u00f6derlund-Venermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Virology, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3457-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Almendral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cby8j38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro Biolog\u00eda Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","place":["Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-020-04632-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001212"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406765102"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30880"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.090485297"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Parvoviruses","author":"Weitzman MD","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weitzman MD. 2006. The parvovirus life cycle: an introduction to molecular interactions important for infection, p 143\u2013156. In Kerr JR (ed), Parvoviruses. Hodder Arnold, London."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004920"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v17040494"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Parvoviruses and human disease","author":"Siegel G","year":"1988","unstructured":"Siegel G. 1988. Patterns of parvovirus disease in animals, p 43\u201367. In Pattison JR (ed), Parvoviruses and human disease. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V74.1.71.71"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8211117"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504666102"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00040-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-092818-015803"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110529"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.485-505.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0069"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)91579-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111195"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra030840"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09110-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602259103"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14930"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199711)53:3<229::AID-JMV8>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.914181"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/302426a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.62.8.3059-3063.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V75.3.603.603"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3738514"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V70.2.384.384"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.57.2.656-669.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/13.10.3617"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.143.1.187"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.6.2280"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V77.5.980.bloodjournal775980"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(01)00724-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.77.15.8495-8503.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.11.8109-8116.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.69.5.3229-3232.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","first-page":"357","article-title":"Pathogenesis of infection with a virulent allotropic variant of minute virus of mice and regulation by host genotype","volume":"65","author":"Brownstein DG","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brownstein DG, Smith AL, Jacoby RO, Johnson EA, Hansen G, Tattersall P. 1991. Pathogenesis of infection with a virulent allotropic variant of minute virus of mice and regulation by host genotype. Lab Invest 65:357\u2013364.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.3.1774-1784.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.77.4.2701-2708.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.19.10674-10684.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81547-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001044"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(66)90284-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.46.3.944-955.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109673"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02188-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(60)90109-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523054064977"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.59.1.8-13.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.3.1563-1573.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01692-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/300537a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.23.11573-11582.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07491.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.10.6446-6453.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11280-11290.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0969-2126(98)00137-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.10931-10943.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1063706"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.6.3415-3423.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39267"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2407.172128"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.934321"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.3c00439"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.22.8736"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1296-1329"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073823"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.08.140"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/76.6.1177"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02247-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2013.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-018-0279-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.14.7049-7059.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199905270-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.0123"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00798-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00775-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.42"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.02339-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.02339-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T14:08:40Z","timestamp":1764684520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.02339-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Pelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.02339-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.02339-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02339-25"}}