{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:09:06Z","timestamp":1785431346920,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospital's Ascent Plan","award":["DFL20221402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20221402"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex (MAC) is one of the principal pathogenic strains among nontuberculous\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mycobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Current antibiotics have poor microbiological responses, and repurposed antibiotics are a way to meet clinical needs. Herein, the anti-MAC activity of carrimycin (CAM), a new macrolide, was evaluated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in<\/jats:italic>\n                      vitro and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on two reference strains and 15 clinical isolates of MAC. The synergy between CAM and nine clinically used antibiotics was determined using a checkerboard assay. The activity of CAM against MAC residing inside macrophages and BALB\/c mice were also evaluated. Although CAM exhibited weak anti-MAC activity\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with MICs over 8 mg\/L, the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      activity was potent. CAM treatment significantly reduced bacillary load, alleviated the severity of injury, and improved total T lymphocyte numbers in organs. Additionally, a synergy between CAM and clofazimine was found\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in<\/jats:italic>\n                      vitro and in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . No antagonism was found between CAM and other eight antibiotics used in this study. In conclusion, CAM is a potential candidate and should be studied further in clinical trials.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The treatment of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                        complex (MAC) infections is a formidable challenge worldwide due to lack of effective drugs. In this paper, we firstly reported a promising candidate drug carrimycin (CAM). For\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic>\n                        , the activity of CAM was compared with classical drug azithromycin (AZM). For\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                        , CAM also showed potent activity\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Additionally, the combination of CAM and CFZ reduced more bacillary load than single drugs\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Our study also indicated that we should take pharmacokinetic characteristics and drug interactions into account when evaluating the efficacy of drugs.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02422-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T13:00:32Z","timestamp":1754658032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of carrimycin against\n                    <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n                    complex\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3137-5621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zimo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01espdw89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01espdw89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute","place":["Beijing, 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