{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T20:32:53Z","timestamp":1781382773357,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005270","name":"Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020J05166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020J05166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007314","name":"Minnan Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["KJ18022, MSGJB2022012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ18022, MSGJB2022012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Viral vector vaccine represents one of the important research directions of novel vaccines. Viral vectors can efficiently deliver foreign genes and drive robust transgene expression\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . Generally, viral vector vaccines can achieve high immunogenicity and rapid response to a new pandemic. However, few types of viral vectors have been thoroughly evaluated for vaccine development, and the application of viral vectors is often limited by packaging capacity, vector immunogenicity, or pre-existing immunity. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been regarded as a promising novel vaccine vector because it has the advantages of high package capacity, good safety profiles, and the capacity to induce long-lasting immune responses. In this study, a luciferase-tagged reporter murine CMV (MCMV) was constructed, and the viral dissemination feature\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            was studied. Furthermore, MCMVs expressing three structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were constructed and used to immunize mice. The level of binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against the original Wuhan strain and the Omicron variant (BA.2) was compared. Moreover, the CMV vector\u2019s transmission capacity and pre-existing immunity\u2019s influence on CMV-vectored vaccine efficacy were studied. The results showed that CMV vector could only cause transient systemic, but not persistent, infection. Immunization of CMV-vectored vaccines was able to elicit neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant (BA.2). However, the titer of neutralizing antibodies against BA.2 is much lower when compared with the original strain. The studies also showed that the CMV vectors would not cause unexpected viral transmission, and pre-existing immunity might impair the immunogenicity of subsequent CMV-vectored vaccines. Collectively, the CMV-vectored vaccine represents a promising approach to developing novel vaccines against epidemic pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been used as a novel viral vector for vaccine development and gene therapy. Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is highly mutable and is still circulating globally. The study showed that the CMV viral vector caused transient systemic infection and induced robust transgene expression\n              <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n              . CMV vectors expressing different SARS-CoV-2 proteins were immunogenic and could elicit neutralizing antibodies against a highly mutated Omicron variant (BA.2). The expression level of receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein was higher than that of full-length S protein using CMV as a vaccine vector, and CMV vector expression RBD protein elicited higher RBD-binding and neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, the study showed that CMV-vectored vaccines would not cause unexpected viral transmission, and pre-existing immunity might impair the immunogenicity of subsequent CMV-vectored vaccines. These works provide meaningful insights for the development of a CMV-based vector vaccine platform and the prevention and control strategies for SARS-CoV-2 infection.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02463-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T14:01:22Z","timestamp":1700143282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cytomegalovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccines elicit neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.2) in mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3622-2767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dabbu Kumar","family":"Jaijyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changcan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7932-4777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaomin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenglong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nichun","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congming","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6087-3175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, 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