{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:38:48Z","timestamp":1790732328076,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI135118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI135118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI167989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI167989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n The rapid dissemination of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales, mainly\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n carrying\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n genes, is a major public health concern due to its successful spread in hospital settings as well as among humans and animals in the community. We characterized ESBL-producing\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates from children and domestic animals in semirural communities of Ecuador to assess the contribution of horizontal gene transfer of the\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n genes among\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates. From 20 selected\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates (from children and domestic animals) harboring\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n allelic variants, we identified 16 plasmids carrying\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 9),\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-65<\/jats:sub>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 5), and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-27<\/jats:sub>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 2), as well as four chromosomes carrying\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-65<\/jats:sub>\n . The backbone structure of plasmids, including replication, maintenance, and plasmid transfer genes, and the synteny was conserved in all plasmids carrying the same\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n allelic variant. In all plasmids and chromosomes, the\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n genes were bracketed by two IS\n 26<\/jats:italic>\n transposable elements. This study highlights the critical role of the IS\n 26<\/jats:italic>\n transposable element for the current mobility of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n genes among plasmids or from plasmids to chromosomes, suggesting that IS\n 26-bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n brackets could be used to study\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n transmission between humans, domestic animals, and the environment.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n \n The horizontal gene transfer events are the major contributors to the current spread of CTX-M-encoding genes, the most common extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL), and many clinically crucial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. This study presents evidence of the critical role of IS\n 26<\/jats:italic>\n transposable element for the mobility of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n gene among\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates from children and domestic animals in the community. We suggest that the nucleotide sequences of IS\n 26<\/jats:italic>\n -\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n could be used to study\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n transmission between humans, domestic animals, and the environment, because understanding of the dissemination patterns of AMR genes is critical to implement effective measures to slow down the dissemination of these clinically important genes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02504-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T14:00:49Z","timestamp":1702476049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["IS\n 26<\/i>\n drives the dissemination of\n bla<\/i>\n CTX-M<\/sub>\n genes in an Ecuadorian community"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6319-3012","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liseth","family":"Salinas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiolog\u00eda, Quito , Pichincha, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9626-4489","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pa\u00fal","family":"C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiolog\u00eda, Quito , Pichincha, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7062-6293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay P.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Sciences Division, University of California , Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-9021","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Trueba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiolog\u00eda, Quito , Pichincha, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.743-749"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl483"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01180-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34970-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39372.829676.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01850.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00023-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2013.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cant\u00f3n R Mar\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez-Alba J Gal\u00e1n JC Stefani S . 2012. 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