{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T02:22:20Z","timestamp":1783563740884,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["206751\/A\/17\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206751\/A\/17\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["INV-016239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-016239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Tuberculosis, a lung disease caused by\n              <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n              ), remains a major global health problem ranking as the second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. One of the major factors contributing toward\n              <jats:italic>Mtb\u2019s<\/jats:italic>\n              success as a pathogen is its unique cell wall and its ability to counteract various arms of the host\u2019s immune response. A recent genome-scale study profiled a list of candidate genes that are predicted to be essential for\n              <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n              survival of host-mediated responses. One candidate was FtsEX, a protein complex composed of an ATP-binding domain, FtsE, and a transmembrane domain, FtsX. FtsEX functions through interaction with a periplasmic hydrolase, RipC. Homologs of FtsEX exist in other bacteria and have been linked with playing a key role in regulating peptidoglycan hydrolysis during cell elongation and division. Here, we report on\n              <jats:italic>Mycobacterium smegmatis,<\/jats:italic>\n              FtsE, FtsX, and RipC and their protective roles in stressful conditions. We demonstrate that the individual genes of FtsEX complex and RipC are not essential for survival in normal growth conditions but conditionally essential in low-salt media and antibiotic-treated media. Growth defects in these conditions were characterized by short and bulgy cells as well as elongated filamentous cells. Our results suggest that FtsE, FtsX, and RipC are required for both normal cell elongation and division and ultimately for survival in stressful conditions.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Mycobacterial cell growth and division are coordinated with regulated peptidoglycan hydrolysis. Understanding cell wall gene complexes that govern normal cell division and elongation will aid in the development of tools to disarm the ability of mycobacteria to survive immune-like and antibiotic stresses. We combined genetic analyses and scanning electron microscopy to analyze morphological changes of mycobacterial FtsEX and RipC mutants in stressful conditions. We demonstrate that FtsE, FtsX, FtsEX, and RipC are conditionally required for the survival of\n              <jats:italic>Mycobacterium smegmatis<\/jats:italic>\n              during rifampicin treatment and in low-salt conditions. Growth defects in these conditions were characterized by short and bulgy cells as well as elongated filamentous cells. We also show that the FtsEX-RipC interaction is essential for the survival of\n              <jats:italic>M. smegmatis<\/jats:italic>\n              in rifampicin. Our results suggest that FtsE, FtsX, and RipC are required for normal cell wall regulation and ultimately for survival in stressful conditions.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02515-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T18:32:54Z","timestamp":1706639574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mycobacterial FtsEX-RipC interaction is required for normal growth and cell morphology in rifampicin and low ionic strength conditions"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Veneshley","family":"Samuels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andani E.","family":"Mulelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hlumani","family":"Ndlovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7476-1652","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohlopheni J.","family":"Marakalala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"World health Organisation tuberculosis fact sheet No.104","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. 2022. World health Organisation tuberculosis fact sheet No.104. WHO, Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-980"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0952-7915(03)00075-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02284"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.75003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01335.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00028-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ampbs.2019.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408410490884757"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321812111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01184-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1108323108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.366"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00179-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02499.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12330"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.116.1.314-322.1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.3.785-793.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00935-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01347-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06667-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107780108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00431-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1216166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06210.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00031-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00124-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036659"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.02515-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.02515-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T14:10:19Z","timestamp":1709647819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.02515-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Meera","family":"Unnikrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.02515-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.02515-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02515-23"}}