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The hindgut has not been investigated as a potential source of LA pathogens. Our objectives were to analyze LA and matched ruminal and colonic epithelial tissues (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 96), collected at a commercial beef processor immediately after evisceration, to determine culture-based prevalence of pathogens, specifically,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides fragilis,<\/jats:italic>\n                      which have not been targeted before, in addition to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F. necrophorum, T. pyogenes,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. enterica,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and quantitative PCR-based prevalence and concentrations of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F. necrophorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      subspecies. The subsp.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">necrophorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most dominant species in LA detected by both methods, and concentrations were in the range of 7.0 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      colony forming units (CFU). Fusobacterial concentrations were higher in ruminal epithelial than in colonic epithelial tissues, but colonic epithelial tissues yielded more subsp.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">necrophorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates than ruminal epithelial tissues. Of the targeted bacterial species,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most dominant, and none of the tissues was positive for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . A majority of the isolations of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      were after enrichment, suggesting the concentrations were too low to contribute to the abscess development. The data reaffirm that LA are polymicrobial infections,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F. necrophorum,<\/jats:italic>\n                      specifically\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">necrophorum,<\/jats:italic>\n                      is the most dominant species prevalent, and the hindgut is likely to be a source, in addition to the rumen, of pathogens that cause LA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Liver abscesses (LA) in beef cattle are initiated by entry of bacterial pathogens from the rumen via portal blood. The two most frequently isolated pathogens are the two subspecies of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fusobacterium necrophorum,<\/jats:italic>\n                        followed by\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trueperella pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                        and\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of pathogens that have been reported sporadically and have not been targeted before. Liver abscesses and matched ruminal epithelium and colonic epithelial tissues, collected from feedlot cattle at slaughter, were analyzed by culture and PCR methods. The subsp.\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">necrophorum<\/jats:italic>\n                        was the most dominant bacterium in liver abscesses. Colonic epithelial tissues yielded more subsp.\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">necrophorum<\/jats:italic>\n                        than ruminal epithelial tissues. Although\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                        was the second most prevalent species, a majority of the isolates were obtained after enrichment, indicating low concentrations. Our data reaffirm that\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F. necrophorum<\/jats:italic>\n                        is the dominant species prevalent in LA, and the hindgut is likely to be another source of pathogens that cause LA.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02539-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:48:31Z","timestamp":1759920511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Further delineation of the etiology of liver abscesses in cattle and indication of hindgut as a potential source of pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6375-7938","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Harith M.","family":"Salih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p1j8758","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University","place":["Manhattan, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2885-0688","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alyssa","family":"Deters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p1j8758","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University","place":["Manhattan, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9689-1124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghavendra G.","family":"Amachawadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p1j8758","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University","place":["Manhattan, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2523-0465","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haiyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p1j8758","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Kansas State University","place":["Manhattan, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1586-0334","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taghreed","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p1j8758","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University","place":["Manhattan, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1800-8719","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p1j8758","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University","place":["Manhattan, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2039-4134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p1j8758","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University","place":["Manhattan, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9335-450X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leigh Ann","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p1j8758","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University","place":["Manhattan, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7088-5455","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ty E.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01f5ytq51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Beef Carcass Research Center - Department of Agricultural Sciences, Paul Engler College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, West Texas A&M University","place":["Canyon, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0899-878X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"T. 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