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Traditionally, human aspergillosis has primarily been linked to a few\n              <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n              species, predominantly\n              <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n              . Changes in epidemiology and advancements in molecular techniques have brought attention to less common and previously unrecognized pathogenic cryptic species. Despite the taxonomic recognition of many cryptic species in section\n              <jats:italic>Terrei<\/jats:italic>\n              , their virulence potential and clinical implications, compared to\n              <jats:italic>A. terreus sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>\n              , remain poorly understood. Hence, the current study utilized the alternative\n              <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n              model\n              <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n              to evaluate the virulence potential of 19 accepted\n              <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n              species in section\n              <jats:italic>Terrei<\/jats:italic>\n              , classified into three series (major phylogenetic clades):\n              <jats:italic>Terrei<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>Nivei<\/jats:italic>\n              , and\n              <jats:italic>Ambigui<\/jats:italic>\n              . Analyzing the median survival rates of infected larvae of all species in each series revealed that series\n              <jats:italic>Ambigui<\/jats:italic>\n              has a significantly lower virulence compared to series\n              <jats:italic>Terrei<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>Nivei<\/jats:italic>\n              . Taking a closer look at series\n              <jats:italic>Terrei<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>Nivei<\/jats:italic>\n              revealed a trend of survival within each clade, dividing the species into two groups: highly virulent (up to 72 h survival) and less virulent (up to 144 h survival). Histological observation, considering fungal distribution and filamentation, further supported this assessment, revealing increased distribution and hyphal formation in virulent species. Additionally, the susceptibility profile of conventional antifungals was determined, revealing an increased azole minimum inhibitory concentration for some tested cryptic species such as\n              <jats:italic>A. niveus<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>A. iranicus<\/jats:italic>\n              . Our results highlight the importance of cryptic species identification, as they can exhibit different levels of virulence and show reduced antifungal susceptibility.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              With changing fungal epidemiology and an increasingly vulnerable population, cryptic\n              <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n              species are emerging as human pathogens. Their diversity and clinical relevance remain underexplored, with some species showing reduced antifungal susceptibility and higher virulence, highlighting the need for better preparedness in clinical practice. Using the\n              <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n              model, we assessed the virulence of\n              <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n              species of section\n              <jats:italic>Terrei<\/jats:italic>\n              , including cryptic and non-cryptic species, across three series\n              <jats:italic>Terrei<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>Nivei<\/jats:italic>\n              , and\n              <jats:italic>Ambigui<\/jats:italic>\n              . The results revealed significant virulence variation among the series, with some cryptic species displaying high virulence. Histological analysis confirmed increased hyphal formation and fungal spread in the more virulent species. Additionally, elevated azole minimum inhibitory concentrations were also observed in certain cryptic species. This study presents novel insights into the pathogenicity of\n              <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n              section\n              <jats:italic>Terrei<\/jats:italic>\n              , emphasizing the critical importance of accurately identifying cryptic species due to their diverse virulence potential and antifungal resistance, which may have substantial clinical implications.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02576-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T13:00:11Z","timestamp":1742216411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deciphering\n            <i>Aspergillus<\/i>\n            section\n            <i>Terrei<\/i>\n            in\n            <i>Galleria mellonella<\/i>\n            model: a clade-specific pathogenicity characterization"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7518-7795","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roya","family":"Vahedi-Shahandashti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, ECMM Excellent Center of Mycology, ISHAM Working Group Member of","place":["Innsbruck, Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Houbraken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute","place":["Utrecht, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4583-6496","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vit","family":"Hubka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Prague, Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute 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