{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:27:38Z","timestamp":1785421658649,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A6A1A03041954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A6A1A03041954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018688","name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6332-304-210, 6331-311-210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6332-304-210, 6331-311-210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aedes vexans<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a widespread mosquito species known to carry West Nile virus (WNV); however, our understanding of how its microbiome changes across different regions and seasons, particularly in temperate areas such as South Korea, remains limited. In this study, we examined the microbiome of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aedes vexans<\/jats:italic>\n                      collected from 16 locations over 3 consecutive summer months. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we found that the microbiome was largely made up of Proteobacteria, but the specific genera present, like\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dickeya, Spiroplasma,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and members of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacterales,<\/jats:italic>\n                      varied depending on the location and time of collection.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dickeya<\/jats:italic>\n                      , in particular, was more common in inland areas and stayed relatively stable over time, which suggests it could serve as a useful microbial marker. We also observed a significant absence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a common endosymbiont in mosquitoes, which hypothesizes potential increased risk of WNV transmission. Diversity analyses showed clear differences in microbial communities by region, and we found seasonal patterns in genera like\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Asaia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which were correlated to mosquito abundance and local environmental conditions. These patterns held up when we looked at co-occurrence networks between microbes. Altogether, this is the first study to track\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aedes vexans<\/jats:italic>\n                      microbiome across both space and time in Korea, and our findings offer new insights into mosquito ecology and the potential use of bacteria in disease control strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Understanding the dynamics of the mosquito microbiome is essential for predicting disease risk and developing targeted vector control strategies.\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aedes vexans<\/jats:italic>\n                        , a globally distributed species and potential vector for West Nile virus (WNV), has seen a notable population increase in South Korea, yet its microbial ecology remains poorly characterized. This study provides the first comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aedes vexans<\/jats:italic>\n                        microbiota across Korea, identifying key microbial taxa that vary by region and season. The absence of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                        , a known antiviral symbiont, and the dominance of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dickeya,<\/jats:italic>\n                        a plant-associated genus with potential ecological implications, underscore the need for microbiome-informed surveillance tools. By highlighting native microbial signatures and their environmental drivers, this work lays the groundwork for microbiota-based monitoring of vector populations and opens new avenues for symbiont-based interventions in arbovirus control.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02587-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T14:31:20Z","timestamp":1774967480000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatiotemporal variation in the microbiome of\n                    <i>Aedes vexans<\/i>\n                    from Korea reveals regional markers linked to environmental risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5573-3242","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdulkadir Yusif","family":"Maigoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors","place":["Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Hyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors","place":["Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xf7p935","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University","place":["Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Reum","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors","place":["Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xf7p935","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University","place":["Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Ram","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04jgeq066","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","place":["Chunbuk, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Il","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04jgeq066","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","place":["Chunbuk, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9340-7974","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyung-Wook","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors","place":["Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xf7p935","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University","place":["Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005377"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5448.2331"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2987\/8756-971X-28.4s.137"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","unstructured":"Horsfall WR Fowler H Jr Moretti L Larsen J. 1973. 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