{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:43:56Z","timestamp":1792809836382,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a leading foodborne pathogen worldwide, posing significant public health concerns. However, its prevalence in mountainous regions in China remains unclear. This study analyzed 384\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains isolated from 2,540 samples collected between 2017 and 2024 from humans, food, and environmental sources in tropical mountainous areas of China. Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial-susceptibility testing were performed to investigate genomic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles. The results showed that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . I 1,4 [5],12:i:- (ST34, 43.5%) was the predominant serovar among diarrheal patients, while\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Enteritidis (ST11, 40%) was the primary causative serovar associated with systemic infections characterized by bacteremia. In food and environmental samples,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium (ST19, 39.1%) and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Enteritidis (ST11, 35.1%) were most frequently isolated, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates to ampicillin (63.8%), tetracycline (62.7%), ciprofloxacin (17.7%), cefotaxime (16.4%), and ceftazidime (15.6%), with 115 isolates (29.9%) identified as multidrug-resistant. Notably, six isolates were tigecycline-resistant, including two harboring\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet(X4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) genes on an IncFIA(HI1)-IncHI1A- IncHI1B(R27) hybrid plasmid. The distribution of virulence genes varied across strains from different sources and serovars. Genes encoding carbonic anhydrase (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mig-5<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), plasmid-encoded fimbriae (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pefA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pefB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pefC<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pefD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and type III secretion system effectors (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spvB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spvC<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spvD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were significantly more prevalent in strains from patients with systemic infection than in those from diarrhea cases. The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cdtB<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene encoding typhoid toxin was identified in 19 non-typhoidal strains. This study presents the first comprehensive report on the prevalence and genetic dynamics of S.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      in tropical mountainous regions of southern China, offering insights into novel interventions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a serious zoonotic foodborne pathogen and the third leading cause of death from human diarrheal diseases worldwide. In this study, we report, for the first time, a systematic surveillance of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      prevalence among clinical patients, food, and environmental sources in the tropical mountainous regions of southern China from 2017 to 2024. Our findings illuminate the prevalence and genetic dynamics of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      across diverse sources, as well as differences between patients with diarrheal disease and those with systemic infections characterized by bacteremia. Moreover, we observed high resistance to clinically important treatment drugs, including fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, in these regions. These results provide critical evidence to inform more effective surveillance, treatment, and control strategies in tropical settings and underscore the need for continuous, real-time monitoring of pathogen dynamics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02676-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T14:00:52Z","timestamp":1772460052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular epidemiological and genetic variability of\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    isolates from the tropical mountainous region of southern China (2017\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lebin","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027a61038","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Zhaoqing Center for Disease 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