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Specifically, the phages were isolated from chicken feces as well as from swabs and water samples obtained from chicken farms and slaughterhouses in Nairobi and Kiambu counties. Genome sequencing and analysis revealed that 59 phage isolates were distinct and could be grouped into 17 clusters belonging to four major types of phages (MT1\u20134). Further taxonomic analysis showed that each MT represents one phage genus. Of the 17 selected representative genomes (one per cluster), seven phages belong to the MT1 group and to the genus\n            <jats:italic>Jerseyvirus<\/jats:italic>\n            . The MT2 cluster contained eight representative phages that were similar to Escherichia phage T5 and belong to the\n            <jats:italic>Tequintavirus<\/jats:italic>\n            genus. The unique MT3 cluster with one phage representative belongs to the\n            <jats:italic>Zindervirus<\/jats:italic>\n            genus, while the sole MT4 phage isolate is a member of the\n            <jats:italic>Dhillonvirus<\/jats:italic>\n            genus. All representative phages are siphophages, except MT3 phage which is a podophage. All genomes do not contain genes associated with lysogeny and therefore, they are considered exclusively lytic. No known virulence genes or antibiotic resistance genes were detected in any of the genomes. Phage DNA termini analyses showed that MT2 phages have a direct terminal repeat-based packaging mechanism while MT1 has a headful packaging mechanism. Host range studies showed that phages belonging to MT1 and MT3 appear to only infect\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            strains, while MT2 and MT4 phages were also capable of infecting\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n            strains.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Non-typhoidal\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n              infections are one of the leading causes of diarrhoeal diseases that spread to humans from animal sources such as poultry. Hence, keeping poultry farms free of\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              is essential for consumer safety and for a better yield of animal products. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance due to over usage has sped up the search for alternative biocontrol methods such as the use of bacteriophages. Isolation and characterization of novel bacteriophages are key to adapt phage-based biocontrol applications. Here, we isolated and characterized\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              phages from samples collected at chicken farms and slaughterhouses in Kenya. The genomic characterization of these phage isolates revealed that they belong to four ICTV (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses) phage genera. All these phages are lytic and possibly suitable for biocontrol applications because no lysogenic genes or virulence factors were found in their genomes. Hence, we recommend further studies on these phages for their applications in\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              biocontrol.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02729-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T14:00:34Z","timestamp":1702303234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Diversity of\n            <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n            phages isolated from chicken farms in Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3890-5123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. M. Damitha","family":"Gunathilake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de biochimie, de microbiologie, et de bio-informatique, Facult\u00e9 des sciences et de g\u00e9nie, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Qu\u00e9bec city, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3510-972X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Makumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) , Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8023-0751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Loignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de biochimie, de microbiologie, et de bio-informatique, Facult\u00e9 des sciences et de g\u00e9nie, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Qu\u00e9bec city, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F\u00e9lix d'H\u00e9relle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Qu\u00e9bec city, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8701-0505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Labrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SyntBioLab Inc. , L\u00e9vis, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4539-5806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Svitek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) , Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2832-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Moineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de biochimie, de microbiologie, et de bio-informatique, Facult\u00e9 des sciences et de g\u00e9nie, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Qu\u00e9bec city, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"F\u00e9lix d'H\u00e9relle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Qu\u00e9bec city, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"CDC . 2022. 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