{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:36:33Z","timestamp":1791387393955,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"MEC | Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00084"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Network for Reseach in Infectious Diseases","award":["REIPI RD16\/0016\/0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REIPI RD16\/0016\/0011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. is a well-recognized pathogen in neonates; however, limited data are available in adults. We studied microbiological and clinical characteristics of\n            <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. causing bloodstream infections (BSI) in our institution (January 2005\u2013July 2020). Overall, 141 BSI episodes affecting 139 patients were identified and medical records reviewed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was recovered from our informatics system and 118 isolates from 116 patients were available for further microbiological studies. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was completed in 107 isolates. Incidence of\n            <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n            BSI was 0.3\/1000 overall admissions (range 0.12\u20130.60), with maximum prevalence (27 episodes, 19.1%) during 2017\u20132018. Relevant patients\u2019 clinical characteristics were 71.9% \u226560 years (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 100), with high comorbidity rates (49%, \u22652), 23 (74.2%) of them died within 1 month of the BSI episode. WGS identified all isolates as\n            <jats:italic>Serratia marcescen<\/jats:italic>\n            s when Kraken bioinformatics taxonomic tool was used despite some which were identified as\n            <jats:italic>Serratia nematodiphila<\/jats:italic>\n            (32\/118) or\n            <jats:italic>Serratia ureilytica<\/jats:italic>\n            (5\/118) by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Nevertheless, when using MASH distance,\n            <jats:italic>Serratia nevei<\/jats:italic>\n            (63\/107),\n            <jats:italic>S. ureilytica<\/jats:italic>\n            (38\/107), and\n            <jats:italic>S. marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n            (6\/107) were assigned. Carbapenemase (\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>VIM-1<\/jats:sub>\n            ) and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactases (ESBL) (\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>SHV-12<\/jats:sub>\n            ) genes were found in seven and three isolates, respectively, one of them expressing both genes. The worldwide-disseminated IncL\/M scaffold plasmid was identified in six VIM producers. Four genotypes were established based on their virulence factors and resistome.\n            <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. emerged as a relevant nosocomial pathogen causing BSI in elderly patients in our hospital, particularly in recent years with a remarkable increase in antibiotic resistance. ESBL and carbapenemases production related to plasmid dissemination are particularly noteworthy.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n              spp. is the third most frequent pathogen involved in outbreaks at neonatal facilities and is primarily associated with bacteremia episodes. In this study, we characterized all causing bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients admitted to our hospital during a 16-year period (2005\u20132020). Despite having no neonatal intensive care unit in our hospital, this study revealed that\n              <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n              spp. is a relevant pathogen causing BSI in elderly patients with high comorbidity rates. A significant increase of antimicrobial resistance was detected over time, particularly in 2020 and coinciding with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and nosocomial spread of multidrug-resistant\n              <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n              spp. isolates. extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactases and carbapenemases genes associated with plasmid dissemination, typically detected in other Enterobacterales species, were also identified, reinforcing the role of\n              <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n              spp. in the antimicrobial resistance landscape. Additionally, this work highlights the need to reclassify the species of\n              <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n              , since discrepancies were observed in the identification when using different tools.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02762-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T14:00:44Z","timestamp":1705500044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A long-term survey of\n            <i>Serratia<\/i>\n            spp. bloodstream infections revealed an increase of antimicrobial resistance involving adult population"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0693-597X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Blanca","family":"P\u00e9rez-Viso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal and Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2857-2572","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marta","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal and Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n M.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal and Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"D. Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Bobadilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal and Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Serrano-Tom\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal and Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5625-6900","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"S\u00e1nchez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal and Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Avenda\u00f1o-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal and Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8228-3491","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Teresa M.","family":"Coque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal and Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4795-0217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patricia","family":"Ruiz-Garbajosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal and Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC. 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