{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:27:39Z","timestamp":1785414459999,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31AI172335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31AI172335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI106699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI106699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an opportunistic human pathogen that can also infect mammals, invertebrates, and plants. Protease IV (PIV) is a secreted protease shown to be important in mammalian cornea, lung, and wound models of infection. It also contributes to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      virulence in many invertebrate models. Previous studies have shown that the expression of the gene encoding PIV is higher at 25\u00b0C than at 37\u00b0C. Thus, we hypothesized that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">piv<\/jats:italic>\n                      would be more important for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      virulence at 25\u00b0C than at 37\u00b0C. To test this, we first demonstrated that more PIV is secreted by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      PAO1 cells grown at 25\u00b0C than at 37\u00b0C. We then determined the survival of larvae of the greater wax moth\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infected by PAO1 and an isogenic \u0394\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">piv<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant at both 25\u00b0C and 37\u00b0C. We found no significant difference in virulence between PAO1 and \u0394\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">piv<\/jats:italic>\n                      at either 25\u00b0C or 37\u00b0C, although both strains were more virulent at 37\u00b0C than 25\u00b0C as measured by a decrease in median survival time.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      possesses an arsenal of virulence factors besides PIV, and thus loss of this single virulence factor may not result in attenuation in the highly susceptible\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">G. mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      larvae.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Pathogenesis of the important opportunistic pathogen\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                        is often investigated using model organisms. Larvae of the greater wax moth,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        , are a popular non-mammalian model organism for\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                        infections that have been used to study highly attenuated mutants and characterize their defects in virulence. Our study shows that small differences in the virulence of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                        , such as those caused by deleting the gene encoding a single virulence factor, may not be detectable in the\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">G. mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        model of infection. This is an important finding for researchers considering the choice of model organisms for virulence studies.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02811-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T09:02:32Z","timestamp":1747818152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>piv<\/i>\n                    does not impact\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    virulence in\n                    <i>Galleria mellonella<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7493-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03czfpz43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University","place":["Atlanta, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02gars961","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1245-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua K.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03czfpz43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, Emory University","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9616-5947","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dina A.","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02gars961","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine","place":["Atlanta, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02gars961","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Emory+Children\u2019s Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-5188","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joanna B.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02gars961","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine","place":["Atlanta, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02gars961","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Emory+Children\u2019s Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.9.5385-5394.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.27.16792"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"1535","article-title":"Pseudomonas deficient in protease IV has significantly reduced corneal virulence","volume":"38","author":"Engel LS","year":"1997","unstructured":"Engel LS, Hobden JA, Moreau JM, Callegan MC, Hill JM, O\u2019Callaghan RJ. 1997. 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