{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:37:55Z","timestamp":1785418675416,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/35\/O\/NZ6\/01590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/35\/O\/NZ6\/01590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/R011834\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/R011834\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/X02377X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X02377X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bacterial membrane proteins like SanA are essential for environmental interactions, significantly affecting the physicochemical properties of the bacterial envelope and influencing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2019s antibiotic resistance and infection traits. Previous research links\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sanA<\/jats:italic>\n                      deletion to increased\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      invasiveness, though the mechanisms are poorly understood. This study explores SanA\u2019s role in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . It examines its expression pattern, subcellular localization, and connection with the genetic background responsible for the infection phenotype following\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sanA<\/jats:italic>\n                      knockout. Through subcellular fractionation and Western blotting, SanA was found mainly in the inner membrane. Transcriptional fusion indicated that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sanA<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression is important during late exponential and early stationary growth phases and remains significant 24 h post-host cell entry. Invasion assays showed that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sanA<\/jats:italic>\n                      deletion in bacteria grown to early stationary phase increased invasiveness, partly due to higher\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sicA<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression regulated by nutrient availability.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      results supported these findings, with the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sanA<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant exhibiting enhanced colonization of mouse organs but being outcompeted by the wild type in competitive infection. This study provides new insights into the role of SanA in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2019s response to environmental stress, including hostile environments, emphasizing the importance of inner membrane proteins in shaping bacterial fitness and pathogenicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        poses significant global health and economic challenges. Its successful infection depends on complex interactions between the bacteria and host cells, involving various proteins in the bacterial envelopes. One such protein, SanA, plays a role in bacterial interaction with the environment, affecting antibiotic resistance and infection capability. Previous studies revealed that removing the\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sanA<\/jats:italic>\n                        gene increases\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        \u2019s ability to enter the host cells, though the underlying mechanisms were unclear. This research investigates SanA\u2019s role during infections, discovering its primary location in the inner bacterial membrane and its heightened activity during specific growth phases and post-host cell entry. Removing\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sanA<\/jats:italic>\n                        made the bacteria more invasive, likely due to the upregulation of genes aiding host cell infection, especially in nutrient-rich conditions. In mouse infection experiments, SanA-deficient bacteria colonized organs more effectively but were less competitive when wild-type and mutant bacteria coexisted. This indicates SanA\u2019s role in managing environmental stress, enhancing\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        \u2019s infection and survival capabilities.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02833-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T21:08:54Z","timestamp":1746047334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["SanA is an inner membrane protein mediating\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Typhimurium infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5245-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrianna","family":"Stypu\u0142kowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cs8k179","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8145-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Kolenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cs8k179","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1762-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Carolak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cs8k179","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6750-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Czajkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cs8k179","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5506-4114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Dutkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cs8k179","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5318-6107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Waszczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cs8k179","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6600-9259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Bi\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qpw1b93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6139-3723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa L. M.","family":"Thurston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041kmwe10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1163-0679","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Grzymaj\u0142o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cs8k179","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00591-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000414"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00638-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.056325-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000613"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0201-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.2.814-820.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001608"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1340143"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02177-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2683(19990101)20:4\/5<813::AID-ELPS813>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-016-0781-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1583-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2008.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01238-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.1.94-102.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004380050787"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.14.5939"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.1.222-228.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.01047.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801205105"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02110-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011547"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.624650"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203497"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8030407"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01494-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1777923"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[1168:ETOUCO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.11.3433-3437.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01527.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00065-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-024-01327-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01394-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","volume-title":"Medical microbiology","author":"Peterson J. W","year":"1996","unstructured":"Peterson J. W. 1996. Bacterial pathogenesis. In Medical microbiology, 4th ed. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01799-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.18.9833"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00509-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot101220"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02504-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2009.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.13.3998-4007.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0091-679x(08)61675-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00276"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2007.00404.x"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"contributor":[{"given":"Yosef Daniel","family":"Huberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]}],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.02833-24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.02833-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T09:03:40Z","timestamp":1748941420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.02833-24"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Carlos J.","family":"Blondel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.02833-24"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.02833-24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02833-24"}}