{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T03:39:26Z","timestamp":1787456366839,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19-AI189183, R01AI162381, R01AI152078, R01AI052733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19-AI189183, R01AI162381, R01AI152078, R01AI052733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI156104, RO1AI171093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI156104, RO1AI171093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007319","name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1AI171093, R21AI156104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1AI171093, R21AI156104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM136577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM136577"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In recent years,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candidozyma auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) has emerged as a threat to human health due to its combination of virulence and antifungal resistance. This fungal pathogen is notable for its thermotolerance and a strong attachment capability that confers environmental persistence and immune evasion. Here, we compared strains from five clades of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      : clade I = South Asia (CDC 387), clade II = East Asia (CDC 381), clade III = Africa (CDC 384), clade IV = South America (CDC 385), and clade V = Iran (CDC 1097) for their ability to regulate cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm. The hydrophobicity varied for each\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      clade, with strains 384, 385, and 1097 displaying the highest hydrophobicity levels.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains had variable biofilm levels when compared among clades and had lower or similar biofilm levels when compared with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      at different temperatures. Comparison of mass spectrometry analysis of proteolytic digestates of cells from strains with low or high hydrophobicity revealed putative surface hydrophobic proteins. These included homologs to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      Als3 and IFF proteins, and their contribution to hydrophobicity and biofilm formation was confirmed with gene-deficient (knockout)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. We conclude that several proteins contribute to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      surface hydrophobicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candidozyma auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) is an emerging pathogenic microorganism that is rapidly gaining attention due to outbreaks in health care facilities and its multidrug resistance. Its origin has yet to be determined, but genotypic analyses have pointed toward a simultaneous independent emergence of the different clades, possibly implicating climate change as a major factor in its recent appearance as a fungal pathogen. In 2022, the World Health Organization placed\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the critical priority group as the second greatest fungal threat globally. Due to limited immunological and proteomic studies of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      , we sought to elucidate possible virulence mechanisms and identify leading proteins that can be targeted by immunotherapies and new drugs. Using proteomic analysis, we identified 12 lead proteins related to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      hydrophobicity and adhesion, implying that these properties are conferred by multiple proteins.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02897-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T13:01:36Z","timestamp":1775134896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Protein-related hydrophobicity differences among strains belonging to\n                    <i>Candidozyma auris<\/i>\n                    (\n                    <i>Candida auris<\/i>\n                    ) clades"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5564-3538","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel","family":"Rodrigues Dos Santos Junior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4694-3448","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Piotr R.","family":"Stempinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3522-5325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arie","family":"Van Wieren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gracen R.","family":"Gerbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7674-9988","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel F. Q.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Zamith-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cf8a891","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine","place":["Bronx, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9905-5754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Nosanchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cf8a891","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine","place":["Bronx, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9402-9167","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arturo","family":"Casadevall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. 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