{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:48Z","timestamp":1792787748705,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["MOHW111-CDC-C-315-123108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW111-CDC-C-315-123108"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TCVGH-1113901C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1113901C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TCVGH-1113901D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1113901D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We report that carbapenem resistance developed in an extensively drug-resistant\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n            serovar Agona strain during antimicrobial therapy and in an AmpC \u03b2-lactamase-producing\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Infantis strain. Whole-genome sequence analysis indicated that carbapenem resistance in the\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Agona strain was associated with the insertion of a 160-kb IS15DI composite transposon in\n            <jats:italic>ompC_378<\/jats:italic>\n            , which encodes a porin consisting of 378 amino acids, along with a 397-bp deletion in the\n            <jats:italic>ompD<\/jats:italic>\n            . The transposon harbored 12 resistance genes including\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub>\n            and an efflux pump regulatory gene,\n            <jats:italic>ramAp<\/jats:italic>\n            . Carbapenem resistance in the\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n            -carrying\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Infantis strain was linked to the insertion of a 22,905-bp segment located 10 bp upstream of the\n            <jats:italic>ompC_378<\/jats:italic>\n            coding sequence, as well as a 254-bp deletion in\n            <jats:italic>ompD<\/jats:italic>\n            . Our findings indicate that the loss of both\n            <jats:italic>ompC_378<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>ompD<\/jats:italic>\n            is necessary for carbapenem resistance in extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase and AmpC \u03b2-lactamase-producing\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            strains.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Carbapenem resistance arising from the loss of porins is commonly observed in extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC \u03b2-lactamase-producing strains of certain\n              <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n              genera, including\n              <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n              , and\n              <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              . However, this resistance mechanism is rarely reported in the\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              genus. To address this knowledge gap, our study offers genetic evidence demonstrating that the loss of two specific porins (OmpC_378 and OmpD) is crucial for the development of carbapenem resistance in\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              ESBL and AmpC \u03b2-lactamase-producing strains. Furthermore, our findings reveal that most\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              serovars carry seven porin parathologs, with OmpC_378 and OmpD being the key porins involved in the development of carbapenem resistance in\n              <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n              strains.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02922-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T13:13:58Z","timestamp":1696338838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Carbapenem resistance in extensively drug-resistant\n            <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n            serovar Agona and AmpC \u03b2-lactamase-producing\n            <i>S.<\/i>\n            Infantis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ping-Chun","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-Wun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control , Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Han","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control , Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ping","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control , Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru-Hsiou","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control , Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8006-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3674-1030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Shun","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control , Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650733"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30418-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab572"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci5020040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/429822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503264"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03767.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.3.1165-1168.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2019.00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01122-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.1.447-450.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01152-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00016-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.663731"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.2.399"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2009.0048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.8.3203-3206.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01275-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00953"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","volume-title":"CLSI supplement M100","author":"CLSI","year":"2020","unstructured":"CLSI . 2020. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In CLSI supplement M100. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne (PA)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing\n. 2021. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of mics and zone diameters version 11.0. Available from: http:\/\/wwweucastorg\/clinical_breakpoints\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.59"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005595"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.02922-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.02922-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T13:36:34Z","timestamp":1702388194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.02922-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Culyba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.02922-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.02922-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02922-23"}}