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So far, no comprehensive large-scale studies have focused on the prevalence and genetic characteristics of the\n                      <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene in\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolated from chickens. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, and molecular characteristics of chicken-originated\n                      <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains from chicken farms, slaughterhouses, and markets in 12 provinces of China in 2020\u20132021. The overall prevalence of the\n                      <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene was 21.13% (56\/265), with the highest prevalence in markets (36.11%, 26\/72), followed in farms (17.95%, 21\/117), and slaughterhouses (10.53%, 9\/76). Only the\n                      <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>qnrB<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes were detected, and the prevalence rate of the\n                      <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene (19.25%, 51\/265) was higher than that of the\n                      <jats:italic>qnrB<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene (1.89%, 5\/265). Whole genome sequencing identified 37 distinct AMR genes and 15 plasmid replicons, and the most frequent mutation in quinolone resistance determining regions was\n                      <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n                      (T57S; 91.49%, 43\/47). Meanwhile, four different\n                      <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n                      and two\n                      <jats:italic>qnrB<\/jats:italic>\n                      genetic environments were discovered among 47\n                      <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. In total, 21.28% (10\/47) of the strains were capable of conjugative transfer, and all were\n                      <jats:italic>qnrS1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive strains, with the majority of transferable plasmids being IncHI2 types (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4). Overall, the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains from chickens in China and their carriage of multiple resistance and virulence genes and transferable plasmids is a major concern, which calls for continuous surveillance of\n                      <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the development of measures to control its prevalence and transmission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        is a common foodborne pathogen responsible for 155,000 deaths annually worldwide. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are used as first-line drugs for the treatment of\n                        <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        infections in several countries and regions. However, the emergence and increasing prevalence of the FQ-resistant gene\n                        <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                        in\n                        <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        isolated from chickens have been widely reported. Gaining insight into the genetic mechanisms of AMR genes in chicken could lead to the development of preventive measures to control and reduce the risk of drug resistance. In this study, we identified\n                        <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                        -positive\n                        <jats:italic>Salmonellae<\/jats:italic>\n                        isolated from chickens in different regions of China and their AMR patterns and genome-wide characteristics, providing a theoretical basis for further control of their prevalence and transmission.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03000-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T11:31:52Z","timestamp":1709033512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Distribution and genetic characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance gene\n                    <i>qnr<\/i>\n                    among\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    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