{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:33:09Z","timestamp":1785429189645,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010810","name":"\u00d6gonfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018666","name":"Carmen and Bertil Regn\u00e9r's Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                      keratitis is a sight-threatening corneal infection. A delay in diagnosis and lack of amoeba-specific treatment contribute to a generally poor prognosis. Genotyping of pathogenic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                      may offer deeper insights into the disease. Sixteen culture-positive\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                      ocular samples from 2006 to 2022 were identified and genotyped in patients from the northern and central regions of Sweden. Data from the patients\u2019 records were collected, and their respective clinical courses were reviewed. The most common\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype was T4 (11 cases), followed by T3 (4 cases) and T6 (1 case). All but one patient was a contact lens user. There were no cases of previous trauma. No statistically significant differences were found between the T4 and non-T4 groups. The influence of genotype on the clinical course warrants further investigation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        This study provides insights into the rare but serious eye infection\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                        keratitis, which can cause blindness. Our research presents data from Sweden on the genotypes of the parasite causing this infection. While the most common genotype worldwide, T4, was also predominant in our study, we found an unexpectedly high number of cases caused by the T3 genotype. This may indicate regional differences and highlights the need for ongoing research. The study also examines the link between genotype and patient outcomes. Although our findings did not establish a statistically significant correlation, knowledge of such a connection could prove valuable in efforts to improve management, and further multicenter studies may be warranted.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03058-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T15:02:11Z","timestamp":1774969331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Acanthamoeba<\/i>\n                    keratitis cases in Sweden: genotypes and clinical course"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7141-4277","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elin","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/056d84691","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03z5b5h37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"S:t Erik\u2019s Eye Hospital","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Davidsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05x4m5564","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Public Health Agency of Sweden","place":["Solna, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Montan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/056d84691","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03z5b5h37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"S:t Erik\u2019s Eye Hospital","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Nivenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/056d84691","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03z5b5h37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"S:t Erik\u2019s Eye Hospital","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/670242"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2022.101372"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.10.1103"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700151"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222092"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13166"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312544"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0589-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14337"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1147077"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Otero-Ruiz A Gonzalez-Zu\u00f1iga LD Rodriguez-Anaya LZ Lares-Jim\u00e9nez LF Gonzalez-Galaviz JR Lares-Villa F. 2022. Distribution and current state of molecular genetic characterization in pathogenic free-living amoebae. LIFE SCIENCES. doi:10.20944\/preprints202209.0238.v1","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202209.0238.v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2022.2117280"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106956"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2018.56.6.615"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5997-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07261-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1689-1693.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0477"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/030.66.2019.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07741-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001121"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00031-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.2.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.016667-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.17527"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.5.1903-1911.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2666-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2022.101499"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"contributor":[{"given":"Christopher Aaron","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]}],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.03058-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.03058-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T13:04:58Z","timestamp":1779282298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.03058-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Gillian A. M.","family":"Tarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.03058-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.03058-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03058-25"}}