{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:07:32Z","timestamp":1785434852464,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The substantial increase in fungal diseases, the limited availability of antifungal drugs, and rising resistance to existing treatments highlight the urgent need for developing novel antifungal drugs. Natural products, known for their diverse bioactivities and unique structures, remain critical sources for antifungal drug discovery. In this study, we aimed to identify novel antifungal compounds from soil microbes and isolated a novel 28-membered polyene macrolide, compound\n                      <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                      , from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Kitasatospora melanogena<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This compound demonstrated potent antifungal activity, with MICs of 4\u201316 \u03bcg\/mL against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Treatment with compound\n                      <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                      led to significant growth reduction and disruption of the cell wall and membrane in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      compared to the wild-type. To understand the underlying mechanism, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      exposed to compound\n                      <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                      , revealing a substantial downregulation of genes involved in cell wall and membrane biogenesis, as well as those encoding integral membrane proteins and multidrug transporters. Additionally, compound\n                      <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                      induced oxidative stress, leading to elevated reactive oxygen species levels. These multifaceted mechanisms highlight the potential of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. melanogena<\/jats:italic>\n                      natural products in the development of novel antifungal agents.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fungal infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet current treatments are limited and increasingly undermined by resistance. Natural products remain a proven source of antifungal agents, but few new scaffolds have been introduced in recent decades. We identified a novel polyene macrolide from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Kitasatospora melanogena<\/jats:italic>\n                      with potent activity against major fungal pathogens. This compound disrupts both the fungal cell wall and membrane while inducing oxidative stress, revealing a multifaceted mechanism of action. Our findings highlight soil microbes as valuable reservoirs for antifungal discovery and provide a promising lead for the development of next-generation therapies against life-threatening fungal diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03143-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T14:00:42Z","timestamp":1769608842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification and characterization of a novel broad-spectrum antifungal compound targeting the\n                    <i>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/i>\n                    cell wall and cell membrane and inducing oxidative 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