{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:14:58Z","timestamp":1788408898445,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82272339, 81902025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272339, 81902025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["7252073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7252073"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project Intensive Care Medicine"},{"name":"High-level public health talents xuekedaitouren-03-13 to C.C."},{"name":"Beijing Hospitals Authority's Ascent Plan","award":["DFL20240701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20240701"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n              infection is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide, contributing to both invasive pneumococcal diseases and non-invasive diseases. Following the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13), a significant decrease in the prevalence of vaccine-type pneumococci has been observed, while the prevalence of non-vaccine-type (NVT) pneumococci has increased. This shift has been evident in both disease incidence and nasopharyngeal carriage. Serotype switching refers to the alteration or exchange of the serotype-related\n              <jats:italic>cps<\/jats:italic>\n              gene locus that has been flagged globally as serotypes of concern. In this study, we collected 166\n              <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n              .\n              <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n              clinical isolates and analyzed the serotypes of isolates to evaluate vaccine effectiveness. Additionally, we identified multidrug-resistant NVT\n              <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates that recently emerged within the epidemic CC876 complex, a pandemic serotype 14 clone. More importantly, we identified a serotype 15B\/ST4749 strain, which might have been generated through a serotype-switch event from serotype 14\/ST4749. Mapping the genomic recombination sites within the serotype 15B\/ST4749 progeny revealed a donated fragment encompassing\n              <jats:italic>cps, pbp1a,<\/jats:italic>\n              and additional key factors, including the DNA uptake-related gene\n              <jats:italic>comC<\/jats:italic>\n              . More importantly, as a strain that is already prevalent, the novel NVT strain possesses the potential to become a global pandemic strain.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                The study employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze\n                <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                isolates from Xiamen Children\u2019s Hospital, China, to evaluate vaccine effectiveness in light of serotype changes and documented the occurrence of a serotype switch (from 14 to 15B) between vaccine-type and non-vaccine-type serotypes in the ST4749 strain. This observation indicates a genomic recombination and adaptive response of\n                <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                under selective pressure exerted by vaccination, offering novel insights into strategies for the prevention and control of\n                <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                and the optimization of vaccine deployment.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03151-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T13:20:02Z","timestamp":1743427202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A global epidemic serotype 14\n            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n            switching to non-vaccine 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