{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:23:56Z","timestamp":1788269036284,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Depression, a psychiatric disorder with significant morbidity and mortality, has a complex etiology. Recent advances in microbiome research have highlighted the potential role of fecal microbiota in depression pathogenesis. This study utilized shotgun metagenomic sequencing to compare the fecal microbiota of 28 depression patients and 26 healthy individuals. Significant differences in fecal microbiota composition were observed between the two groups. We generated 350 non-redundant high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) by binning and conducted comparisons between the depression and control groups. Notably, we found that the MAGs enriched in people with depression mostly belonged to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides,<\/jats:italic>\n                      indicating a close link between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      abundance and the development of depression, suggesting that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      might be a potential culprit for depression. In the depression group, we found that the module of nitric oxide synthesis was remarkably enriched, and all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      MAGs contained genes annotated as nitric oxide synthase, suggesting that increased levels of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      may contribute to elevated nitric oxide synthesis. A distinct microbial signature consisting of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Arthrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">_U41<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Campylobacter rectus,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pasteurella dagmatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      accurately discriminates between depressed individuals and healthy controls, achieving an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.950. This research sheds light on the potential role of fecal microbiota in depression and highlights specific metabolic pathways and microbial markers for further investigation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        This research highlighted significant differences in the composition and function of fecal microbiota between individuals with depression and healthy individuals, particularly the enrichment of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                        metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) in depression patients. The upregulation of the nitric oxide synthesis pathway associated with these MAGs belonging to\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                        in the gut of depression patients had also been observed. The selected bacterial biomarkers reliably differentiate depression cases from healthy controls with high diagnostic accuracy (mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.950). Our results suggest the importance of exploring microbial markers as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in managing depression.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03153-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T13:01:41Z","timestamp":1786453301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the hypothetical role of\n                    <i>Bacteroides<\/i>\n                    species in depression progression: insights from metagenomic analysis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8891-3028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihua","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02h8a1848","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8459-8508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingxi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017zhmm22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Forensic Science, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02h8a1848","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Mental Health Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02h8a1848","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Mental Health Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongkang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02h8a1848","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2380-264X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanqiang","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035b05819","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9521-5427","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhuhua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02h8a1848","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Mental Health Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000448661"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104578"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-1044.1000150"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132559"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1151478"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201902862"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101943"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.109951"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127858"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47273-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5515"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-2044-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2016_128"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5505.881"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1309.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601438"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba8555"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00541"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06838-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03865-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuad039"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0337-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202104089"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02566-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3400"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay9097"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142945"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03118-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11048-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092211"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32835665fa"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32015-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70986-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1895\/wormbook.1.14.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061592"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2004.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06663-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10071664"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01552-x"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"contributor":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Bazukyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]}],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.03153-24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.03153-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:10:18Z","timestamp":1788268218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.03153-24"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.03153-24"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.03153-24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03153-24"}}