{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:10:33Z","timestamp":1785424233375,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000897","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["003218H22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["003218H22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006292","name":"Infectious Diseases Society of America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GERM Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GERM Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006292","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Biological sex is known to affect the incidence and outcomes of infection, varying significantly by pathogen. The bacterial pathogen\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      is recognized as a serious global healthcare threat worldwide, yet understanding of how biological sex impacts its infection course is limited. We previously documented in a murine model of acute pneumonia that female mice were more susceptible to infection, but there are no published studies looking at outcomes in humans according to biological sex. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 220 adult patients with a positive\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      culture and clinical evidence of pneumonia. Contrary to the animal data, we observed male patients to have a longer overall (32 vs 24 days,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) (23 vs 17 days,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) compared to females. The primary diagnosis at admission was only a factor when it was respiratory in nature. Younger male patients had higher Pneumonia Severity Index score on admission compared to younger females. Older males required more interventions than younger males. We also observed that mortality rates were increased for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.024) and renal disease (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), while alcohol use or smoking within 30 days prior to admission or recent surgery all negatively impacted LOS. This study highlights the importance of sex-and-gender-based studies, identifying worse outcomes in men, the elderly, and patients with certain underlying conditions and guiding efforts to improve management of patients with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Biological sex has been shown to influence the incidence and outcomes of infection. We had previously documented that in a mouse model of infection, the pathogen\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      caused more serious pulmonary disease in female animals. In this study, we aimed to determine if this was evident in human pneumonia data. We found that, opposite to the mice data, human males had extended hospital stays due to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia. We also identified a number of risk factors that can impact mortality and duration of hospital stay. This information could be used to guide efforts to improve management of patients with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03199-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T09:01:21Z","timestamp":1744794081000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biological sex influences severity and outcomes in\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n                    pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Linz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/014ye1258","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School","place":["Newark, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School","place":["Newark, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School","place":["Newark, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School","place":["Newark, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dov","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School","place":["New Brunswick, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Mattappallil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006jjmw19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University Hospital","place":["Newark, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Finkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School","place":["Newark, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7304-3392","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dane","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/014ye1258","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School","place":["Newark, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00787-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01064-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-279554"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31561-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir232"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.720952"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23163"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710163371601"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16438-0_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.3.632"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","unstructured":"Bowen VB Braxton J Davis DW Flagg EW Grey J Grier L Harvey A Kidd S Kreisel K Llata E. 2019. 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