{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:17:59Z","timestamp":1785403079988,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Discovery Grant 371639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Discovery Grant 371639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project Grant PJT 156111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project Grant PJT 156111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The global rise in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections and increasing antimicrobial resistance underscores the urgent need for accessible and efficient antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. While accurate, the gold standard agar dilution method is labor-intensive and resource-demanding, limiting its practicality for research. To address this, we developed and validated a high-throughput 96-well microtiter assay as a viable alternative for measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). In addition, we assessed the use of the simple-defined Kellogg\u2019s supplement compared to the CLSI-recommended complex-defined growth supplement. Using 17 standard laboratory strains with different resistance profiles, we evaluated the assay against azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. Both 96-well microtiter assays demonstrated no major errors for any antimicrobial, with some minor errors with azithromycin and consistent minor errors with gentamicin. Essential agreement (EA) and categorical agreement (CA) ranged from 33% to 100%, with gentamicin contributing the most variability across methods. This study establishes the 96-well microtiter assay with Kellogg\u2019s supplement as a reliable and scalable tool for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      antimicrobial susceptibility testing, reducing the time and resources required for resistance profiling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                        presents a critical challenge for global public health. Accurate and accessible methods for assessing antimicrobial susceptibility are essential for monitoring resistance trends and guiding effective treatment strategies. However, traditional methods, such as agar dilution, are labor-intensive and resource-intensive, limiting their widespread application in research. Our study introduces a 96-well microtiter assay that simplifies and scales up susceptibility testing while maintaining the accuracy of the gold standard. By validating the use of the simpler alternative, Kellogg\u2019s supplement, we further lower the barriers to adoption in research settings. This innovation supports timely and efficient antimicrobial resistance surveillance and enhances the capacity for high-throughput testing of novel therapeutic compounds. By increasing the feasibility of susceptibility testing, this method can potentially improve response strategies against drug-resistant gonorrhea and other fastidious pathogens.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03249-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T09:43:32Z","timestamp":1749462212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    antimicrobial susceptibility testing: application of traditional agar dilution to a high-throughput 96-well microtiter assay"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7439-6767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joyce E.","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r7awg59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph","place":["Guelph, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r7awg59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph","place":["Guelph, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole E.","family":"Garnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r7awg59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph","place":["Guelph, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9263-7604","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cezar M.","family":"Khursigara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r7awg59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph","place":["Guelph, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"WHO bacterial priority pathogens list, 2024","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2024. 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