{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:49:14Z","timestamp":1792111754135,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lytic phages are a promising consideration to combat recalcitrant bacterial infections. To advance the possibility of using phage therapy in the clinical routine, standardized phage susceptibility testing methods are needed. Here, staphylococcal phage K was tested against 154 periprosthetic joint infection-associated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates using a double overlay spot assay in technical and biological triplicates. Individual plaques were assessed using a morphology scoring system ranging from 0 (no plaques) to 4 (large, clear plaques), with scores \u22652 considered indicative of infectivity. Overall, 107 isolates exhibited scores \u22652. The intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation were 0.9 and 2.5, respectively. Plaque-forming unit per milliliter (PFU\/mL) titers correlated with morphology scores (Spearman\u2019s \u03c1 = 0.8,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). The results suggest high precision of the described spot assay assessing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      susceptibility to phage K.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Standardized laboratory assays for assessing phage susceptibility are a prerequisite for clinical implementation of phage therapy. No assay has been denoted a reference standard. Criteria that can be used to assess assay precision and suitability for routine testing are intermediate precision and repeatability. Here, staphylococcal phage K was tested using the double overlay spot assay against 154 periprosthetic joint infection-associated\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                        isolates in technical and biological triplicates. In addition to measuring phage titers, plaque-forming units were assessed with a scoring system. Results indicate high intermediate precision and repeatability of the method described.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03284-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T14:00:28Z","timestamp":1772546428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Precision of a phage susceptibility spot assay assessed with 154 clinical\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2570-4250","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastian C.","family":"Herren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qp3tb03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic","place":["Rochester, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph L.","family":"Zink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qp3tb03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic","place":["Rochester, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Mandrekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Rochester","place":["Rochester, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6344-4141","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robin","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qp3tb03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic","place":["Rochester, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qp3tb03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic","place":["Rochester, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.591021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad533"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02071-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"CLSI guideline EP05-A3","author":"CLSI","year":"2014","unstructured":"CLSI. 2014. Evaluation of precision of quantitative measurement procedures; approved guideline. In CLSI guideline EP05-A3, 3rd ed. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-164-6_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/bact.1.1.13980"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae325"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00309-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1000721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2013.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.6966"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-07047-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.9.2862-2871.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfac051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1386245"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/bact.1.2.15456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.4.1836-1842.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics7020037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.102962"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.03284-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.03284-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:09:56Z","timestamp":1775567396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.03284-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Luethy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.03284-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.03284-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03284-25"}}