{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:36:54Z","timestamp":1785411414744,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LY24H190003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY24H190003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jinhua Science and Technology Research Key Project","award":["2021-3-070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-3-070"]}]},{"name":"Quzhou Science and Technology Bureau project","award":["2022K60"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022K60"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Public Welfare Technology Application in Jinhua City","award":["2023-4-212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-4-212"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province CDC Technology Project","award":["2025JK123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JK123"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      is the leading cause of sight-threatening ocular infection. However, comprehensive molecular epidemiological analyses that focus on ocular pneumococci are limited. We performed a high-resolution whole-genome analysis (WGS) of ocular pneumococcal isolates from the Zhejiang province of China and a global data set (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 58). Using latex agglutination and the Quellung reaction, nine serotypes were identified, with PCV13 covering 54.5% of the Chinese isolates, and no non-typeable (NT) strains were found in conjunctivitis. Illumina short-read data were assembled\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and submitted for resistance and virulence gene BLAST, phylogenetic analysis, recombination prediction, and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Phylogenetically, the Chinese isolates showed a sporadic distribution. All Chinese strains carried the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ermB<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene for macrolide resistance, rather than\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mefA,<\/jats:italic>\n                      in strains from Western countries. Virulence gene analysis revealed that no\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">zmpC<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene was identified in Chinese pneumococcal strains associated with keratitis and conjunctivitis. A marked accumulation of SNPs and mosaic blocks in Asian isolates is strongly associated with the acquisition of region-specific alleles encoding the ATP-dependent protease\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SP_0338<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the UV-damage repair enzyme\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">uvrB<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Interestingly, the DNA integrity gene\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SP_1247<\/jats:italic>\n                      has emerged as a globally conserved and functionally essential determinant of ocular\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These findings underscore that genes involved in DNA integrity surveillance and UV stress response are enriched for non-synonymous mutations and might be a virulence prerequisite for pneumococci colonizing the UV-exposed ocular surface. Such features should guide the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and diagnostics for pneumococcal eye infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Due to the lack of studies focusing on ocular pneumococcus other than in the United States, little is known about the molecular epidemiology of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which causes ocular infections in other regions worldwide. This study provides the first high-resolution genomic map of ocular\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , revealing Asian-specific variability in UV-damage repair (uvrB) and global DNA integrity (SP_1247) genes that may be essential for survival on UV-exposed ocular surfaces. By linking ermB-driven macrolide resistance, the absence of zmpC, and unique serotype and recombination distribution to these UV-adaptation signatures, this work redefines ocular pneumococci as a distinct ecotype whose regional evolution must be incorporated into future vaccines, antibiotic guidelines, and rapid molecular diagnostics to prevent blindness-causing eye infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03291-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T14:00:11Z","timestamp":1770127211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-resolution genomics uncovers region-specific evolution and virulence of ocular\n                    <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0232r4451","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Jinhua, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengke","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0232r4451","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0232r4451","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run 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