{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:16:15Z","timestamp":1785406575630,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Urinary antigen tests, such as the Sofia\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      fluorescent immunoassay, provide rapid and specific detection of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      in community-acquired pneumonia. Although the assay is qualitative, it generates a semi-quantitative fluorescence-based index whose prognostic utility remains underexplored. This study evaluates the relationship between the Sofia\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      index and clinical severity in pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A cross-sectional study of 161 adults with pneumococcal CAP was conducted at a tertiary hospital. Patients with severe pneumonia (quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) \u2265 2: 10.5 vs 2.3 relative light unit (RLU); CURB-65 \u2265 3: 12.3 vs 2.3 RLU), ICU admission (12.1 vs 2.7 RLU), and 30-day mortality (14.0 vs 3.3 RLU) showed significantly higher median index values (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Area under the curves from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were 0.75 for qSOFA \u2265 2, 0.79 for CURB-65 \u2265 3, 0.71 for ICU admission, and 0.79 for 30-day mortality. Thresholds identified for CURB-65 \u2265 3 prediction were 6.5 RLU (sensitivity: 79.2%; specificity: 75.9%), 4.2 RLU for qSOFA \u2265 2 (sensitivity: 80.4%; specificity: 64.0%), 12.1 RLU for ICU admission (sensitivity: 51.5%; specificity: 81.9%), and 12.7 RLU for 30-day mortality (sensitivity: 78.6%; specificity: 81.5%). A 10-point increase in the index was associated with higher odds of severe pneumonia (CURB-65 odds ratio [OR]: 1.95; qSOFA OR: 1.48), ICU admission (OR: 1.35), and 30-day mortality (OR: 1.42). The Sofia\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      fluorescent index demonstrates significant prognostic value in pneumococcal CAP. It complements traditional severity scores, offering rapid, microbiologically precise insights for guiding management and identifying high-risk patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Community-acquired pneumonia caused by\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                        remains a leading cause of severe illness and death worldwide. Rapid and reliable tools for predicting disease severity are critical to improving patient outcomes. This study evaluates the Sofia\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                        fluorescent immunoassay, a novel urinary antigen test that provides a semi-quantitative fluorescence index associated with severity\/outcomes. By linking a fluorescence-based index to clinical outcomes such as ICU admission and mortality, this research demonstrates the potential of graded microbiological signals to complement traditional scoring systems. These findings highlight a valuable step toward integrating microbiological data into clinical decision-making, ultimately enhancing patient care.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03304-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:00:44Z","timestamp":1772805644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fluorescence-based index from the Sofia\n                    <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    fluorescent immunoassay: a prognostic tool for pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2782-3125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Antuori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, North Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital","place":["Badalona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Department, North Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital","place":["Badalona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Llop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, North Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital","place":["Badalona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Pillado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, North Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital","place":["Badalona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, North Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital","place":["Badalona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Gim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, North Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital","place":["Badalona, Spain"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0119pby33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pere-Joan","family":"Cardona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, North Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital","place":["Badalona, Spain"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0119pby33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052g8jq94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Genetics and Microbiology Department, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","place":["Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00090-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040827"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/374623"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115725"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.118588"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.10.3495\u20133498.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/380639"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.2810-2813.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3248-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01535-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0258"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0123-2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511159"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-065871"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00360-2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01229-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00391.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir859"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00035610"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12877"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.051326"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.008110"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2261-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-018-0307-7"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.03304-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.03304-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:05:12Z","timestamp":1775567112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.03304-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.03304-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.03304-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03304-25"}}