{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:54:29Z","timestamp":1789480469433,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI135118, R01AI167989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI135118, R01AI167989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (ESBL-producing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) pose a growing global health threat. Although Latin America has been identified as a global hotspot of antimicrobial resistance, the zoonotic contribution to drug-resistant infections in the region remains poorly defined. We analyzed 137 clinical ESBL-producing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Quito, Ecuador, applying a Bayesian latent class model informed by host-associated mobile genetic elements to estimate the fraction of infections attributable to food-animal sources. We estimated that 25.5% (35\/137) of UTI isolates were putative zoonotic cases. This proportion rose to 42.5% after excluding ST131-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H<\/jats:italic>\n                      30, a human-associated pandemic lineage. Putative zoonotic isolates were enriched for animal-associated \u03b2-lactamase genes (e.g.,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>TEM-1B<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">, bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CTX-M-65<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), lacked human-associated markers such as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and exhibited diverse antimicrobial resistance gene profiles resembling those observed among food-animal isolates. These isolates were also enriched for ColV-associated virulence genes typically linked to avian pathogenic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Putative zoonotic strains contributed substantially to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant UTIs in Quito, Ecuador, challenging assumptions derived from high-income settings that such infections are driven predominantly by human-to-human transmission. These findings highlight the importance of integrated One Health surveillance and mitigation, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where gaps in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) may interact with antimicrobial use in food production to amplify antimicrobial resistance transmission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        ESBL-producing\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                        have rapidly emerged as a major global antimicrobial resistance threat. In Latin America, cephalosporins are commonly used in food-animal production, fueling the emergence of ESBL-producing\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                        . In low- and middle-income countries, excessive antimicrobial use driven by poorly regulated over-the-counter sales, combined with inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure, can facilitate antimicrobial-resistant pathogen transmission from food animals to humans. Using a novel statistical-genomic approach, we found that over one in four cephalosporin-resistant UTIs in Quito, Ecuador, may be caused by\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                        strains originating from food animals. Our findings highlight the public health risks associated with antimicrobial use in food-animal production and the role of environmental and infrastructure-related vulnerabilities. As global demand for animal protein continues rising in middle-income countries, controlling zoonotic antimicrobial resistance transmission becomes increasingly urgent for protecting human health through integrated One Health strategies.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03325-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T13:00:41Z","timestamp":1775653241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating the zoonotic origins of ESBL-producing\n                    <i>E. coli<\/i>\n                    in community-acquired urinary tract infections in Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7868-6538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yashan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cvxb145","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Antibiotic Resistance Action Center, The George Washington University","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cvxb145","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Antibiotic Resistance Action Center, The George Washington University","place":["Washington, DC, 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