{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:51:48Z","timestamp":1790074308422,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      has been found in drinking water distribution systems worldwide, and infections have been increasing in frequency. The emergence of dominant circulating clones within clinical settings and during chronic disease has been considered a potential cause of the increasing frequency of disease. However,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      has been thought to be largely environmentally acquired, and how selective pressures in the environment may be influencing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      evolution has not previously been considered. This study aimed to investigate the disinfectant and antibiotic susceptibility of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolated from drinking water treated with both chlorine and chloramine in 2007, 2017\u20132018, and 2021\u20132022 as well as a laboratory evolution experiment. There was no trend in disinfectant or antibiotic resistance of water isolates over time, although there were significant differences between subspecies and dominant circulating clones.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were found to be significantly more susceptible to chloramine than chlorine, yet both MICs were greater than the concentrations used in water treatment. The laboratory evolution experiment resulted in a chlorine-resistant phenotype that was not a heritable genetic change. Exposure to chloramine resulted in decreased imipenem susceptibility without a change in chloramine susceptibility. Overall, the results of this study show that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is highly resistant to disinfection, and exposure to disinfectants within drinking water distribution systems could influence antimicrobial susceptibility.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                        causes significant disease and is present in drinking water distribution systems where it is exposed to chlorine and chloramine. In this study,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                        drinking water isolates were highly resistant to both chlorine and chloramine, with significant differences within the\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                        group. A laboratory evolution experiment induced chlorine resistance, and exposure to chloramine resulted in decreased imipenem susceptibility. These results suggest that exposure to disinfectants within drinking water distribution systems could result in increased disinfectant and antibiotic resistance, potentially contributing to the increasing frequency of disease.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03374-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T09:01:01Z","timestamp":1749546061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disinfectant and antibiotic resistance in\n                    <i>Mycobacterium abscessus<\/i>\n                    water isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6937-7995","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kirby","family":"Patterson-Fahy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland, Greenslopes Clinical School, Gallipoli Medical Research","place":["Greenslopes, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland, Greenslopes Clinical School, Gallipoli Medical Research","place":["Greenslopes, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03e3kts03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Microbiome and Host Health Program, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute","place":["Adelaide, Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01kpzv902","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University","place":["Adelaide, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rqy9422","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Australian Center for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland","place":["St. Lucia, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0686-171X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland, Greenslopes Clinical School, Gallipoli Medical Research","place":["Greenslopes, Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital","place":["Chermside, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01991-2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr578"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01275-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00571-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.7.1676"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01146-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139796"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0331-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8699"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00963-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202409-1824OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b00496"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2015.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-89"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.3.1225-1231.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Mycobacteria in public water supplies: comparative resistance to chlorine","volume":"5","author":"Pelletier PA","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pelletier PA, du Moulin GC, Stottmeier KD. 1988. 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