{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:24:37Z","timestamp":1792027477789,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-44-00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-44-00004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Northern Russia is characterized by socio-environmental conditions contributing to the spread of tuberculosis (TB) and a high ~30% rate of primary multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB. We applied high-resolution molecular methods to study the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      population in the Arkhangelsk region of Northern Russia. All available\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates recovered from newly diagnosed patients from January to December 2018 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 88) were genotyped using 24-loci MIRU-VNTR, spoligotyping, and, partly, by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The population structure revealed a predominance of the Beijing genotype and Euro-American lineage, with significant drug resistance burden associated with Beijing and its B0\/W148 strain. Beijing strains showed a significantly higher association with MDR and pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) TB compared to non-Beijing strains (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0013). All Beijing B0\/W148 isolates were MDR, whereas the majority (71.4%) of Beijing Central Asian\/Russian subtype strains were drug-sensitive. WGS analysis of newly discovered Beijing clusters 3828-32 and 10167-32 in this area indicated a historical transmission over several decades, reflecting long-term endemic circulation. The presence of compensatory mutations in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rpoC<\/jats:italic>\n                      among MDR strains suggests enhanced fitness facilitating their ongoing transmission. An intriguing cluster of recent transmission of a non-Beijing strain (spoligotype SIT53, L4.8 sublineage) was identified through combined epidemiological and genomic investigation. To conclude, the prevalence of Beijing strains rose from 39.3% in 1998 to 67.0% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and Russian epidemic MDR strain B0\/W148 increased its rate from 11.2% in 1998 to 20.5% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.097). This highlights the key role of MDR Beijing strains, including new resistant clusters, in disseminating MDR-TB in the region and the importance of continuous surveillance using high-resolution genotyping.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The Arkhangelsk region is the largest province of northern European Russia. One-third of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients are infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR)\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                        strains. We assessed the molecular population structure of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                        in the Arkhangelsk region in the COVID-19 pre-pandemic year 2018. We identified important MDR clusters and elucidated tuberculosis transmission patterns. An intriguing cluster of recent transmission was identified through the combined use of epidemiological investigation and whole-genome sequencing. The prevalence of Beijing genotype strains increased from 39.3% in 1998 to 67.0%, and the Russian epidemic MDR strain B0\/W148 doubled from 11.2% in 1998 to 20.5%. Furthermore, we described new MDR clusters emerging within the Beijing genotype. This highlights the key impact of the MDR Beijing strains and the importance of continuous surveillance using high-resolution genotyping. This study of the pre-pandemic strain collection provides an indispensable intermediate time point between earlier studies carried out 25 years ago and ongoing surveillance.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03431-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:00:22Z","timestamp":1773925222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Key impact of Beijing strains including new resistant clusters on spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in northern Russia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yulia","family":"Popova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tnvgk65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northern State Medical University","place":["Arkhangelsk, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9140-8957","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Vyazovaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute","place":["St. Petersburg, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9039-4557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Platon","family":"Eliseev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tnvgk65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northern State Medical University","place":["Arkhangelsk, Russia"]},{"name":"National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Miteneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tnvgk65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northern State Medical University","place":["Arkhangelsk, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9679-2791","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dmitrii","family":"Polev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute","place":["St. Petersburg, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-0576","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Igor","family":"Mokrousov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute","place":["St. Petersburg, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8485-5625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Mariandyshev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tnvgk65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northern State Medical University","place":["Arkhangelsk, Russia"]},{"name":"Northern Arctic Federal University","place":["Arkhangelsk, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2025. 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