{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:51:25Z","timestamp":1786117885171,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n is an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen capable of causing severe nosocomial infections. This study characterizes a MDR and carbapenem-resistant\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n strain 20119 isolated from the respiratory tract of a pneumonia inpatient in China. A systematic investigation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their genetic environments was conducted. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed the chromosomal carriage of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n , a gene encoding a class D carbapenemase, within a Tn\n 2006<\/jats:italic>\n composite transposon flanked by IS\n Aba1<\/jats:italic>\n elements. Global biogeographic analysis of the\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n strains with a complete genome indicated that Tn\n 2006<\/jats:italic>\n -associated\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n -harboring\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n strains were predominant in Asia, while Tn\n 2008<\/jats:italic>\n -associated\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n -harboring\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n strains were prevalent in Europe. In order to clarify the genetic contexts and mechanisms underlying\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n -mediated carbapenem resistance and other ARGs, we categorized the major genetic backdrop associated with chromosomally located ARGs in\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n strain 20119 into five sections: (i) the carbapenem-resistant region harboring\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n ; (ii) the resistance structure \u201cIS\n Ecp1-bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>\n -IS\n 903B\/<\/jats:italic>\n \u2206IS\n 903B<\/jats:italic>\n \u201d; (iii) the MDR region harboring\n mph(E<\/jats:italic>\n ),\n msr(E<\/jats:italic>\n ),\n armA<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n sul1;<\/jats:italic>\n (iv) the prophage containing\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n DHA-1<\/jats:sub>\n and qnrB4;<\/jats:italic>\n and (v) the Tn\n 7<\/jats:italic>\n class two integron harboring\n aadA1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n sat2,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n dfrA1<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n \n The dissemination of carbapenem-resistant\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n poses a severe clinical threat owing to constrained effective therapeutic alternatives. This work is significant, as it provides the first complete genomic identification of a\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n -harboring human-derived\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n in China and the first worldwide isolate from the respiratory tract with a complete genome. The\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n strain 20119 exhibited an MDR profile, harboring additional resistance genes (\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n DHA-1<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n armA<\/jats:italic>\n , etc.) clustered within mobile genetic elements (MGE, e.g., IS\n Ecp1<\/jats:italic>\n , IS\n 26<\/jats:italic>\n , prophage, and class 2 integron), facilitating horizontal transfer. This study focuses on describing the genomic contexts of the five resistance regions co-occurring with\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n and other ARGs. This study underscores the emergence of\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n as a concerning reservoir for\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n and other ARGs and highlights the fundamental contribution of MGEs to horizontal gene transfer (HGT).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03438-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T13:00:52Z","timestamp":1784293252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic insights into one carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant\n Proteus mirabilis<\/i>\n strain harboring chromosome-borne\n bla<\/i>\n OXA-23<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dexing","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02mjz6f26","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor 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