{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T02:29:40Z","timestamp":1781058580296,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI139265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI139265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U19AI144133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI144133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Syphilis is a multistage chronic sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete\n            <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            subsp.\n            <jats:italic>pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            ). Today, syphilis is still endemic in low- and middle-income nations and has become resurgent in many high-income countries. Infection can lead to severe sequelae in untreated patients, while vertical transmission of\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            is associated with high stillbirth rates and neonatal death. The combination of non-treponemal and treponemal tests allows syphilis serodiagnosis and monitoring of treatment response, albeit not without limitations. In this work, we developed a minimal array for multiple parallel detection of antibodies specific to the immunodominant\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            antigens Tp0435 and Tp0574 and 14 additional proteins known to be immunogenic during infection but only partially or not at all evaluated for their diagnostic potential. To assess whether reactivity to these antigens could improve early syphilis diagnosis, serve as biomarkers for disease staging, and monitor response to treatment, we tested the array using 217 serum specimens longitudinally collected pre- and post-treatment from 120 syphilis patients. Results showed significantly different reactivity to a subset of antigens in pre-treatment sera (baseline) when covariates such as syphilis stage, syphilis history, and HIV status were factored in. Furthermore, reactivity to several antigens significantly decreased in post-treatment sera compared to baseline. Although studies with larger sample panels will be needed to validate these findings, this study supports the screening of\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            proteomic arrays to identify antigens that could serve as predictors of response and antigens that could help with early syphilis diagnosis.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This manuscript explores the host humoral response to selected antigens of the syphilis agent during infection to evaluate their potential use as diagnostic tests and markers for treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03466-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T14:07:35Z","timestamp":1702562855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluation of a minimal array of\n            <i>Treponema pallidum<\/i>\n            antigens as biomarkers for syphilis diagnosis, infection staging, and response to treatment"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Austin M.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelika A.","family":"Konda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California, USA"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Sexuality, AIDS and Society, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Romeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Siebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CytoAnalytics , Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silver K.","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Sexuality, AIDS and Society, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Reyes Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos F.","family":"Caceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3889-7274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Giacani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6922-7364","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Klausner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"Prevalence and incidence of selected sexually transmitted infections Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis and Trichomonas vaginalis: methods and results used by WHO to generate 2005 estimates","author":"WHO","year":"2011","unstructured":"WHO . 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