{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T04:03:46Z","timestamp":1775275426307,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Canine distemper virus (CDV) poses a severe threat to both domesticated and wild animals, including multiple carnivores. With the continued expansion of its host range, there is an urgent need for the development of a safer and more effective vaccine. In this study, we developed subunit vaccines based on a bacterium-like particle (BLP) delivery platform containing BLPs-F and BLPs-H, which display the CDV F and H glycoprotein antigens, respectively, using the antigen-protein anchor fusions produced by a recombinant baculovirus insect cell expression system. The combination of BLPs-F and BLPs-H (CDV-BLPs), formulated with colloidal manganese salt [Mn jelly (MnJ)] adjuvant, triggered robust CDV-specific antibody responses and a substantial increase in the number of interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3)-secreting CD4\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              and CD8\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              T cells in mice. Dogs immunized intramuscularly with this vaccine not only produced CDV-specific IgG but also displayed elevated concentrations of IFN-\u03b3 and interleukin 6 in their serum, along with an increase of the CD3\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              CD4\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              and CD3\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              CD8\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              T cell subsets. Consequently, this heightened immune response provided effective protection against disease development and reduced viral shedding levels following challenge with a virulent strain. These findings suggest that this BLP-based subunit vaccine has the potential to become a novel canine distemper vaccine.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Many sensitive species require a safe and effective distemper vaccine. Non-replicating vaccines are preferred. We constructed subunit particles displaying canine distemper virus (CDV) antigens based on a bacterium-like particle (BLP) delivery platform. The CDV-BLPs formulated with theMn jelly adjuvant induced robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to CDV in mice and dogs, thereby providing effective protection against a virulent virus challenge. This work is an important step in developing a CDV subunit vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03477-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T14:00:53Z","timestamp":1709906453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel bacterium-like particle-based vaccine displaying canine distemper virus antigens in mice and dogs"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6975-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianchun","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunliu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangmei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanlong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haibin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunwei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6205-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-022-00779-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11070582"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.570277"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-019-01720-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-019-1136-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00603-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-023-00971-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carlos N Jara M Vera C. 2022. A preliminary studio for the F gen of canine distemper virus as target for phylogenetic analysis. doi:10.30574\/gscarr","DOI":"10.30574\/gscarr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02077-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(00)00119-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01702-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-01229-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1117135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14091847"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12010057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.1.880-889.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00282"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2015.1040956"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-7842-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200800528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109144"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108920"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11121149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9248581"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-019-09598-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-50"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810-1921OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1082273"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14594"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2023.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00669-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01414-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00156-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21039-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2023.2173339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.65.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0019-2805.2001.01271.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7040213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2020.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac7263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012466"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2005.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-014-1062-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02880-3"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.03477-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.03477-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T15:09:11Z","timestamp":1712070551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.03477-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Leiliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.03477-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.03477-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03477-23"}}