{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T07:03:04Z","timestamp":1788850984776,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AuthorWarrantyLicense.v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"CDC Advanced Molecular Detection Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Acellular pertussis vaccines protect against severe pertussis, but vaccine-induced immunity wanes over time. Prior animal studies showed that T-cell responses are integral to long-lasting immunity. Current pertussis vaccines also do not provide considerable protection against other species that cause pertussis-like illness, such as\n            <jats:italic>Bordetella parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Bordetella holmesii<\/jats:italic>\n            . We aimed to identify potential vaccine antigens from conserved orthologs that are predicted to engage CD4 T cells and provide cross-protective immunity against multiple\n            <jats:italic>Bordetella<\/jats:italic>\n            pathogens. Whole-genome sequence data were previously collected for\n            <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>B. holmesii<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates. Immunoinformatics and comparative genomics were used to predict immunogenicity, cross-reactive proteins, and protein homology for a set of\n            <jats:italic>Bordetella<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates. Expression and production levels of homologous, immunogenic targets were screened using transcriptomic and proteomic data, and detectable genes were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Computational prediction methods identified putative human leukocyte antigen-DR-binding epitopes. Recognition of targets by T cells from individuals immunized with whole-cell pertussis vaccines was confirmed\n            <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . From the\n            <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            genome, 408 genes exhibited high sequence conservation with orthologs in\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>B. holmesii<\/jats:italic>\n            , and a select group had high immunogenicity scores. A subset of detectable proteins were also\n            <jats:italic>Bordetella<\/jats:italic>\n            -specific and non-cross-reactive. Epitope mapping predicted 36 conserved, immunogenic, and naturally processed epitopes. Of these 36 targets, six epitopes upregulated markers of T-cell activation, and three elicited cytokine production. Our findings identified a list of peptides specific to\n            <jats:italic>Bordetella<\/jats:italic>\n            respiratory pathogens that may confer long-lasting, cross-protective T-cell immunity.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Pertussis, caused by\n              <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n              , can cause debilitating respiratory symptoms, so whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wPVs) were introduced in the 1940s. However, reactogenicity of wPV necessitated the development of acellular pertussis vaccines (aPVs) that were introduced in the 1990s. Since then, until the COVID-19 pandemic began, reported pertussis incidence was increasing, suggesting that aPVs do not induce long-lasting immunity and may not effectively prevent transmission. Additionally, aPVs do not provide protection against other\n              <jats:italic>Bordetella<\/jats:italic>\n              species that are observed during outbreaks. The significance of this work is in determining potential new vaccine antigens for multiple\n              <jats:italic>Bordetella<\/jats:italic>\n              species that are predicted to elicit long-term immune responses. Genome-based approaches have aided the development of novel vaccines; here, these methods identified\n              <jats:italic>Bordetella<\/jats:italic>\n              vaccine candidates that may be cross-protective and predicted to induce strong memory responses. These targets can lead to an improved vaccine with a strong safety profile while also strengthening the longevity of the immune response.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03527-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T14:02:22Z","timestamp":1701871342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genome-based prediction of cross-protective, HLA-DR-presented epitopes as putative vaccine antigens for multiple\n            <i>Bordetella<\/i>\n            species"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1854-0382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muktha S.","family":"Natrajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory Leadership Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse M.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Weigand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Momin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3140-402X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick Heath","family":"Damron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purnima","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lucia","family":"Tondella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1495-0379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia C.","family":"Pawloski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia, 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