{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:14:45Z","timestamp":1790813685248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Clostridium difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection (CDI) is a leading cause of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea in health care facilities. Extended hospital stays and recurrences increase the cost of treatment and morbidity and mortality.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03582-22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T14:01:34Z","timestamp":1670508094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Spore-Forming\n            <i>Clostridium<\/i>\n            (\n            <i>Clostridioides<\/i>\n            )\n            <i>difficile<\/i>\n            in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Western Australia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Chisholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9789-4239","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Papanin","family":"Putsathit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1351-3740","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas V.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Biosecurity and One Health Research Centre, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8983-6573","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Su-Chen","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013.","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:82532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.11153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","volume-title":"Clostridioides difficile infection: 2018 data snapshot.","author":"Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care","year":"2020","unstructured":"Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. 2020. Clostridioides difficile infection: 2018 data snapshot. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-1119(96)00398-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45804-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1702480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.Supplement_2.S263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1216064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638719899081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01384-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2018.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-015-9183-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01379-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00806-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2010.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"Department of Environment and Conservation. 2012. Western Australian guidelines for biosolids management. Department of Environment and Conservation Western Australia Australia. https:\/\/www.der.wa.gov.au\/component\/k2\/item\/4131-biosolids-management."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12889"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00738-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01552-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03032-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13653"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2019.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01572-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00446-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2019.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/592257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61266-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed4010007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"Water Quality Australia. 2021. Sewage system guidelines. https:\/\/www.waterquality.gov.au\/guidelines\/sewerage-systems. Accessed 20 May 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","unstructured":"Government of Western Australia\u2014Department of Health. 2011. Guidelines for the non-potable uses of recycled water in Western Australia. https:\/\/ww2.health.wa.gov.au\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.2.461-463.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","volume-title":"M11-A7. Methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2011","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2011. M11-A7. Methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria, seventh edition. CLSI, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","volume-title":"M100-S23. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty-third informational supplement.","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2013. M100-S23. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty-third informational supplement. CLSI, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","unstructured":"The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 2017. Clinical breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters version 10.0. EUCAST European Union. https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. 2011. Assessment report Dificlir fidaxomicin EMA\/857570\/2011. EMA European Union. https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00342-08"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.03582-22","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.03582-22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T14:49:00Z","timestamp":1676386140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.03582-22"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Soutourina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.03582-22"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.03582-22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03582-22"}}