{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:05:44Z","timestamp":1791867944347,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of Fujian Province","award":["2023R1025004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023R1025004"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"5511 Collaborative innovation Project of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["XTCXGC2021013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XTCXGC2021013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hemorrhagic gill necrosis disease (HGND) has resulted in substantial economic losses in the farming of American eels (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Anguilla rostrata<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Although prior research implicates viruses like American eel adomavirus (AEAdoV) and Anguillid herpesvirus (AngHV), the primary etiological agent remains elusive. In this study, a novel virus was isolated from the HGND samples of American eel using eel ovary (EO) cell lines. Following isolation, the virus was subjected to comprehensive characterization encompassing morphological features, genomic organization, phylogenetic relationships, pathogenic potential, and epidemiological prevalence. The findings revealed that the virions are non-enveloped, icosahedral symmetry with a double-layered capsid and containing a genome composed of 10 double-stranded RNA segments, thereby confirming its classification within the genus\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Orthoreovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Phylogenetic analyses positioned this orthoreovirus in a distinct clade alongside largemouth bass reovirus (LMBRV) and piscine reovirus (PRV), occupying an intermediate position between the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Orthoreovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aquareovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      genera, indicating a unique evolutionary lineage within the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spinareoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      family. This virus has been designated as Anguillid orthoreovirus (AORV). Experimental intraperitoneal challenge of American eels with AORV did not lead to apparent clinical manifestations. Epidemiological investigation revealed that AORV is an endemic orthoreovirus with an infection prevalence of 32.3% in farmed American eels. In summary, this study reports the successful isolation and comprehensive characterization of a novel orthoreovirus, AORV, from HGND samples of American eel. These findings provide a foundation for further investigations into the biology of AORV and offer novel insights toward future taxonomic refinement within the family\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spinareoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        A novel orthoreovirus, designated Anguillid orthoreovirus (AORV), was isolated from American eels with \u201chemorrhagic gill necrosis disease,\u201d and forms a unique evolutionary lineage within the\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spinareoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                        family. Although experimental challenges with AORV did not result in observable pathogenicity, epidemiological surveys indicated that approximately one-third of the farmed American eels displaying clinical signs of \u201chemorrhagic gill necrosis disease\u201d tested positive for the virus, suggesting that AORV may be secondary to another primary pathogen or environmental stressor.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03607-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:01:52Z","timestamp":1775566912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification and characterization of a novel orthoreovirus from American eels,\n                    <i>Anguilla rostrata<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7427-400X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Xian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02aj8qz21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3321-3593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02aj8qz21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02aj8qz21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02aj8qz21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9563-9872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun-Qing","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02aj8qz21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001781"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-010-0550-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450701447309"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184718"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1708.101528"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003803"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801573-5.00014-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91169-6.00012-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070075"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183781"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180293"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165424"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011487"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000568"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13228"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9100833"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.15.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f79-198"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-323"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-019-04365-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","first-page":"138","article-title":"Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of the pathogen of \u201cmucus sloughing and hemorrhagic septicemia disease\u201d in American eel, Anguilla rostrata","volume":"45","author":"Yang J-X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang J-X, Li Y-Y, Chen Q, Chen X, Song T-Y, Ge J-Q. 2023. Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of the pathogen of \u201cmucus sloughing and hemorrhagic septicemia disease\u201d in American eel, Anguilla rostrata. 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