{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:29:39Z","timestamp":1785428979195,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate the performance of the iFIND INH\/FQ, a low-complexity molecular assay, for the rapid and simultaneous detection of resistance to isoniazid (INH) and fluoroquinolones (FQs) in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Frozen sputum specimens stored at the Chengde Center for Disease Control and Prevention laboratory were used. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) and DNA sequencing served as reference standards. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined using probit regression with spiked samples. The assay\u2019s ability to detect resistance-conferring mutations in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">katG<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">inhA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes was assessed using genotypically characterized strains. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated against pDST. The LOD was 20.79 CFU\/mL for INH and 9.34 CFU\/mL for FQs. The assay detected all targeted mutations except\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ahpC<\/jats:italic>\n                      c.-6 associated with INH resistance. Compared to pDST, the iFIND INH\/FQ assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 97.59% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.63\u201399.34%) and specificity of 98.10% (95% CI: 94.57\u201399.35%) for INH resistance. For FQ resistance, sensitivity was 92.16% (95% CI: 81.50\u201396.91%) for levofloxacin and 92.00% (95% CI: 81.16\u201396.85%) for moxifloxacin, with specificities of 97.33% (95% CI: 93.89\u201398.85%) and 96.81% (95% CI: 93.21\u201398.53%), respectively. Sequencing confirmed iFIND results in the majority of discrepant cases (100% for INH and 55.65% for FQs). The iFIND INH\/FQ LC-aNAAT is a highly accurate and rapid molecular assay for simultaneous detection of INH and FQ resistance. It is a promising tool for scaling up rapid drug susceptibility testing in clinical and peripheral laboratory settings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification test, the iFIND assay achieves the goal of simultaneously detecting isoniazid and fluoroquinolone resistance in approximately 90 min, perfectly meeting the TPP's core requirements for \u201crapid\u201d and \u201csimple operation.\u201d Its fully integrated system minimizes manual steps and contamination risk, making it highly suitable for use in resource-limited, lower-biosafety-level primary laboratories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03743-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T14:01:17Z","timestamp":1770386477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["iFIND INH\/FQ: a LC-aNAAT assay for rapid simultaneous detection of isoniazid and fluoroquinolone resistance in\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xichao","family":"Ou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04wktzw65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Beijing, 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