{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:59:40Z","timestamp":1787619580256,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of GuangZhou Medical University","award":["S202510570010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202510570010"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory","award":["2025XAKJ0100004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025XAKJ0100004"]}]},{"name":"Tertiary Education Scientific research project of Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau","award":["2024312107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024312107"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincical Medical Research Foundation","award":["A2025209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2025209"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n The spread of carbapenem-resistant\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n spp. poses a significant public health threat, partly due to the acquisition of the\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP<\/jats:sub>\n genes, which encode IMP-type metallo-\u03b2-lactamases. These enzymes confer resistance to a broad spectrum of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems, thereby complicating treatment options. This study aims to provide a comprehensive genomic characterization of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP<\/jats:sub>\n -harboring plasmids across different species within the genus\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n , based on the genomic characteristics of the plasmid pT117-2 of\n Klebsiella variicola<\/jats:italic>\n strain T117 isolated from clinical settings in China, along with all available\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP<\/jats:sub>\n -harboring plasmids of\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n spp. fromthe GenBank database until 26 April 2025. Among the 123\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP<\/jats:sub>\n -harboring plasmids of\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n spp., nine variants were identified, with\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP-4<\/jats:sub>\n (carried by 69 plasmids) and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP-1<\/jats:sub>\n (carried by 37 plasmids) being the most prevalent. The\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP-4<\/jats:sub>\n gene was associated with IncN type (~50 kb, conjugative) and untypeable (~300 kb, non-mobilizable) plasmids in China, whereas in Australia, it was linked to IncC (~200 kb) and IncM2 (~80 kb) type conjugative plasmids. Meanwhile,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP-1<\/jats:sub>\n was found to be associated with IncN (~50 kb), IncM (~80 kb), and IncFII (80 ~200 kb) type conjugative plasmids mainly in Japan. Notably, our results highlight the prevalence of IncN-type conjugative plasmids, including the plasmid pT117-2 identified in this study, as key vehicles for the dissemination of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP<\/jats:sub>\n genes. This study provides critical insights into the genetic mechanisms of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP<\/jats:sub>\n -harboring plasmids persistence and spread in\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n spp., advancing our understanding of their dissemination.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n \n Carbapenem-resistant\n Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n (CRE) mediated by metallo-\u03b2-lactamases (MBLs) pose a major global public health threat that challenges clinical antimicrobial therapy; based on our study,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP-4<\/jats:sub>\n in China is predominantly associated with IncN plasmids (forming the \u201cIncN-\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP-4<\/jats:sub>\n -\n qnrS1<\/jats:italic>\n \u201d axis), while\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP-1<\/jats:sub>\n in Japan links to IncN\/IncM\/IncFII plasmids, with these regional differences highlighting the need for geographically targeted surveillance, and notably, the high-risk ST146\n Klebsiella variicola<\/jats:italic>\n carrying\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP-4<\/jats:sub>\n on a conjugative IncN plasmid serves as an underrecognized reservoir for resistance genes, extending surveillance beyond common pathogenic\n Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n ; limitations of this study include restricted sample size and geographic scope, and future research should validate these patterns via multi-center studies, explore plasmid evolution mechanisms, and integrate findings into routine surveillance to optimize antibiotic stewardship and infection control, thereby mitigating the global spread of MBL-mediated CRE.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03790-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:36:21Z","timestamp":1783006581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic characterization of\n bla<\/i>\n IMP<\/sub>\n -harboring plasmids in\n Klebsiella<\/i>\n spp."],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0566-8220","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mingxiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zat6v61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zat6v61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zat6v61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yitong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zat6v61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zat6v61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second 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