{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:25:41Z","timestamp":1790645141455,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32072888, U21A20261, 32202819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072888, U21A20261, 32202819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province","award":["20220202057NC, 20230101346JC, 20230202080NC, YDZJ202102CXJD029, YDZJ202301ZYTS326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220202057NC, 20230101346JC, 20230202080NC, YDZJ202102CXJD029, YDZJ202301ZYTS326"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Enterotoxigenic\n              <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n              (ETEC) is one of the major pathogens contributing to piglet diarrhea, with significant implications for both piglet health and the economic aspects of the livestock industry. SW207 is an isolate of\n              <jats:italic>Bacillus halotolerans<\/jats:italic>\n              isolated from the cold- and disease-resistant Leixiang pigs in Northeastern China. We have discovered that SW207 can survive in the pig\u2019s gastrointestinal fluid and under conditions of high bile salt concentration, displaying potent antagonistic activity against ETEC. In this study, we established a weaned piglet diarrhea model infected with ETEC to investigate the role of SW207 in preventing diarrhea and improving intestinal health. Results indicate that SW207 upregulates the expression of tight junction proteins, including claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1, at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Furthermore, SW207 reduces serum endotoxin, D-lactic acid, and various oxidative stress markers while enhancing piglet mechanical barrier function. In terms of immune barrier, SW207 suppressed the activation of the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB pathway, reducing the expression of various inflammatory factors and upregulating the expression of small intestine mucosal sIgA. Concerning the biological barrier, SW207 significantly reduces the content of\n              <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n              in the intestines and promotes the abundance of beneficial bacteria, thereby mitigating the microbiota imbalance caused by ETEC. In summary, SW207 has the potential to prevent weaned piglet diarrhea caused by ETEC, alleviate intestinal inflammation and epithelial damage, and facilitate potential beneficial changes in the intestinal microbiota. This contributes to elucidating the potential mechanisms of host-microbe interactions in preventing pathogen infections.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                Enterotoxigenic\n                <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                (ETEC) has consistently been one of the significant pathogens causing mortality in weaned piglets in pig farming. The industry has traditionally relied on antibiotic administration to control ETEC-induced diarrhea. However, the overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant zoonotic bacterial pathogens, posing a threat to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify alternatives to control pathogens and reduce antibiotic usage. In this study, we assessed the protective effect of a novel probiotic in a weaned piglet model infected with ETEC and analyzed its mechanisms both\n                <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                and\n                <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                . The study results provide theoretical support and reference for implementing interventions in the gut microbiota to alleviate early weaned piglet diarrhea and improve intestinal health.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03988-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T15:26:21Z","timestamp":1709825181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["<i>Bacillus halotolerans<\/i>\n            SW207 alleviates enterotoxigenic\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            -induced inflammatory responses in weaned piglets by modulating the intestinal epithelial barrier, the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB pathway, and intestinal microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1285-9264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minghan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianxu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianming","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunwei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy 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