{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:22:49Z","timestamp":1785435769847,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01AI162802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AI162802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R01AI143198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01AI143198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI110820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI110820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The capacity of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      to cause invasive pulmonary aspergillosis depends on its ability to adapt to dynamic and stressful microenvironments within the host. Epigenetic regulation, including histone deacetylation, plays a critical role in fungal adaptation to stress. Here, we investigated the role of the class I histone deacetylase HosA in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      stress resistance, host cell interactions, and virulence. A \u0394\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">hosA<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant had increased susceptibility to intracellular oxidant stress induced by menadione. It also had impaired capacity to invade and damage two pulmonary epithelial cell lines\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In a corticosteroid-immunosuppressed mouse model of invasive aspergillosis, mice infected with the \u0394\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">hosA<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant survived significantly longer than those infected with the wild-type strain, despite having similar pulmonary fungal burden. The \u0394\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">hosA<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant also induced a weaker inflammatory response than the wild-type strain. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HosA regulates genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and energy metabolism, functioning as both an activator and repressor of distinct gene sets. Collectively, these results indicate that HosA is a key epigenetic regulator that governs\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      interactions with host cells and virulence during invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Epigenetic modifications in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                        can be induced by environmental changes and stresses such as those induced by interaction with host cells. HosA, a class I histone deacetylase, has been shown to play a key role in regulating secondary metabolism in several\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                        species, but its function in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                        was previously unknown. We found that deletion of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">hosA<\/jats:italic>\n                        increased susceptibility to intracellular, but not extracellular, oxidative stress. The \u0394\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">hosA<\/jats:italic>\n                        mutant also exhibited significantly reduced pulmonary epithelial cell invasion and host cell damage, as well as attenuated virulence in immunosuppressed mice. Together, these findings indicate that HosA functions as a key epigenetic regulator that governs stress resistance, secondary metabolism, and fungal-host interactions. Defining the functions of HosA could provide critical insight into the epigenetic mechanisms that control fungal pathogenicity and may reveal a potential therapeutic target for invasive aspergillosis.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04036-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:00:46Z","timestamp":1771509646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The HosA histone deacetylase regulates stress resistance, host cell interactions, and virulence in\n                    <i>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3804-9535","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025j2nd68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center","place":["Torrance, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025j2nd68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center","place":["Torrance, USA"]},{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA","place":["Los Angeles, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025j2nd68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center","place":["Torrance, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjoy","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa","place":["Iowa city, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quynh T.","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025j2nd68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center","place":["Torrance, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5202-6304","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025j2nd68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center","place":["Torrance, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1683-2015","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vincent M.","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Stamnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa","place":["Iowa city, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7163-1120","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"W. 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