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In this study, our findings suggest that Set302, a homolog of Set3 and a subunit of histone deacetylase complex Set3C, contributes to thermotolerance in\n              <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n              . Specifically, the deletion of the predicted Set3C core subunit, Set302, resulted in further reduction in the growth of\n              <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n              at 39\u00b0C, and survival of transient incubation at 50\u00b0C. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that the expression levels of numerous heat stress-responsive genes altered at both 30\u00b0C and 39\u00b0C due to the lack of Set302. Notably, at 39\u00b0C, the absence of Set302 led to the downregulation of gene expression related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Based on the GFP-\u03b1-synuclein overexpression model to characterize misfolded proteins, we observed a pronounced accumulation of misfolded GFP-\u03b1-synuclein at 39\u00b0C, consequently inhibiting\n              <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n              thermotolerance. Furthermore, the loss of Set302 exacerbated the accumulation of misfolded GFP-\u03b1-synuclein during heat stress. Interestingly, the\n              <jats:italic>set302\u2206<\/jats:italic>\n              strain exhibited a similar phenotype under proteasome stress as it did at 39\u00b0C. Moreover, the absence of Set302 led to reduced production of capsule and melanin.\n              <jats:italic>set302\u2206<\/jats:italic>\n              strain also displayed significantly reduced pathogenicity and colonization ability compared to the wild-type strain in the murine infection model. Collectively, our findings suggest that Set302 modulates thermotolerance by affecting the degradation of misfolded proteins and multiple virulence factors to mediate the pathogenicity of\n              <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                is a pathogenic fungus that poses a potential and significant threat to public health. Thermotolerance plays a crucial role in the wide distribution in natural environments and host colonization of this fungus. Herein, Set302, a critical core subunit for the integrity of histone deacetylase complex Set3C and widely distributed in various fungi and mammals, governs thermotolerance and affects survival at extreme temperatures as well as the formation of capsule and melanin in\n                <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                . Additionally, Set302 participates in regulating the expression of multiple genes associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). By eliminating misfolded proteins under heat stress, Set302 significantly contributes to the thermotolerance of\n                <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                . Moreover, Set302 regulates the pathogenicity and colonization ability of\n                <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                in a murine model. Overall, this study provides new insight into the mechanism of thermotolerance in\n                <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                .\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04202-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T13:00:37Z","timestamp":1718370037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unraveling the mechanism of thermotolerance by Set302 in\n            <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Health 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