{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:33:30Z","timestamp":1787016810854,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2014\/15\/N\/NZ7\/03793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/15\/N\/NZ7\/03793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Currently, tuberculosis immunoprophylaxis is based solely on Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination, and some of the new potential tuberculosis vaccines are based on the BCG genome. Therefore, it is reasonable to analyze the genomes of individual BCG substrains. The aim of this study was the genetic characterization of the BCG-Moreau Polish (PL) strain used for the production of the BCG vaccine in Poland since 1955. Sequencing of different BCG lots showed that the strain was stable over a period of 59 years. As a result of comparison, BCG-Moreau PL with BCG-Moreau Rio de Janeiro (RDJ) 143 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 32 insertion\/deletion mutations (INDELs) were identified. However, the verification of these mutations showed that the most significant were accumulated in the BCG-Moreau RDJ genome. The mutations unique to the Polish strain genome are 1 SNP and 2 INDEL. The strategy of combining short-read sequencing with long-read sequencing is currently the most optimal approach for sequencing bacterial genomes. With this approach, the only available genomic sequence of BCG-Moreau PL was obtained. This sequence will primarily be a reference point in the genetic control of the stability of the vaccine strain in the future. The results enrich knowledge about the microevolution and attenuation of the BCG vaccine substrains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The whole genome sequence obtained is the only genomic sequence of the strain that has been used for vaccine production in Poland since 1955. Sequencing of different BCG lots showed that the strain was stable over a period of 59 years. The comprehensive genomic analysis performed not only enriches knowledge about the microevolution and attenuation of the BCG vaccine substrains but also enables the utilization of identified markers as a reference point in the genetic control and identity tests of the stability of the vaccine strain in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04259-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T09:01:53Z","timestamp":1715936513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The whole genome sequence of Polish vaccine strain\n                    <i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i>\n                    BCG Moreau"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7332-5290","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Krysztopa-Grzybowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health NIH \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Lach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Polak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health NIH \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Strapagiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1427-884X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaroslaw","family":"Dziadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacterium Genetics and Physiology Unit, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Olszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra A.","family":"Zasada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health NIH \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniela","family":"Darli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health NIH \u2013 National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Luty\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Augustynowicz-Kope\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"E9","article-title":"The history of tuberculosis: from the first historical records to the isolation of Koch\u2019s bacillus","volume":"58","author":"Barberis I","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barberis I, Bragazzi NL, Galluzzo L, Martini M. 2017. The history of tuberculosis: from the first historical records to the isolation of Koch\u2019s bacillus. J Prev Med Hyg 58:E9\u2013E12.","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2020. Global tuberculosis report 2020. World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117594"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2020.100712"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(92)90129-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.5.2.7210"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(02)00182-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002607"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.11.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00403-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2014.927200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.186072.114"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad326"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-413"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(00)00369-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700869104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.05827-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.06.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2382936.2382989"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2010.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg491"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6150-7-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky427"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki524"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-5909-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/17322693.1226692"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5419.1520"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15443"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201104-0714OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052548299"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.310037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.03.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-022-08826-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.12.101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0434"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0325-75412010000100002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.08.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15365"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17827"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-3355-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-06973-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00058-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01456-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-019-00709-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.5.1274-1282.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit790"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00118.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)02166-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67145-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1714021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00750-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1817-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24617"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00100-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12981"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","volume-title":"Strain variation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: its role in biology, epidemiology and control","year":"2017","unstructured":"2017. Strain variation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: its role in biology, epidemiology and control. Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/book\/9783319643694."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/497203"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-6-95"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113985"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","volume-title":"Mycobacterium - research and development","author":"Echeverria-Valencia G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Echeverria-Valencia G, Flores-Villalva S, Espitia C. 2017. Virulence factors and pathogenicity of Mycobacterium. In Mycobacterium - research and development. IntechOpen."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00969-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.1233-1242.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.594288"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14409"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.11.2578-2586.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","unstructured":"Krueger F James F EwelsP AfyounianE WeinsteinM Schuster-Boeckler B HulselmansG sclamons. 2021. FelixKrueger\/TrimGalore: v0.6.10 - add default decompression path. Zenodo."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx100"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07641-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0554-6_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1754"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty191"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv688"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.04259-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.04259-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T09:03:13Z","timestamp":1719910993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.04259-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Olivier","family":"Neyrolles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.04259-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.04259-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e04259-23"}}