{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:24:31Z","timestamp":1758893071627,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Society of Pediatric Infectious Disease"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              The disease burden of\n              <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              is particularly high in low- and middle-income countries. However, data on the molecular epidemiology of\n              <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              in such regions, especially sub-Saharan Africa, are scarce. To address this, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of\n              <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              from Gabon was performed to identify transmission clusters and provide valuable genomic data for public repositories. A total of 76\n              <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n              .\n              <jats:italic>pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates from 73 patients, collected between September 2012 and January 2013, were characterized by short-read whole-genome sequencing. The predominant emm types were\n              <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>\n              58.0,\n              <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>\n              81.2 and\n              <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>\n              223.0 with 9.2% (7 of 76), 7.9% (6 of 76), and 6.6% (5 of 76), respectively. Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed 16 putative transmission clusters. Four of these were household transmissions. Four antimicrobial genes (\n              <jats:italic>lmrP<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>tetM<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>tetL<\/jats:italic>\n              , and\n              <jats:italic>thfT<\/jats:italic>\n              ) were found in the\n              <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates from this study. All strains carried\n              <jats:italic>lmrP<\/jats:italic>\n              . Of the 76 isolates, 64 (84.2%) carried at least one tetracycline resistance gene (\n              <jats:italic>tetM<\/jats:italic>\n              or\n              <jats:italic>tetL<\/jats:italic>\n              ). Comparisons with other publicly available African genomic data revealed a significant correlation between geographical location and genetic diversity of\n              <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              , with Gabonese strains showing similarities to those from Kenya and certain Oceanian regions. Our study showed that transmission of\n              <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              can occur at the community\/household level and that high-resolution molecular typing is needed to monitor changes in circulating clones and to detect community outbreaks. Advocacy for the adoption of WGS for comprehensive molecular characterization of\n              <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              and data sharing through public repositories should be encouraged to understand the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary trajectory of\n              <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              in sub-Saharan Africa.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The study conducted in Gabon underscores the critical importance of addressing the limited knowledge of the molecular epidemiology of\n              <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              in low- and middle-income countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Our molecular analysis identified predominant\n              <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>\n              types and unveiled 16 putative transmission clusters, four involving household transmissions. Furthermore, the study revealed a correlation between geographical location and genetic diversity, emphasizing the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary trajectory of\n              <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              in various regions. The call for advocacy in adopting whole-genome sequencing for molecular characterization and data sharing through public repositories is crucial for advancing our knowledge and implementing effective strategies to combat the spread of\n              <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              in sub-Saharan Africa.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04265-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T13:00:52Z","timestamp":1716555652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genomic epidemiology of\n            <i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i>\n            from pharyngeal and skin swabs in Gabon"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0499-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Boutin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of L\u00fcbeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein Campus L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 (CERMEL), Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, St. Georg Hospital, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abraham Sunday","family":"Alabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 (CERMEL), Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"B\u00e9lard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 (CERMEL), Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of T\u00fcbingen, Tubingen, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site T\u00fcbingen, Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9693-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Toepfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1278-5939","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dennis","family":"Nurjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of L\u00fcbeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein Campus L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, L\u00fcbeck, 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